Okayama Yoshimichi, Kawakami Toshiaki
Research Unit for Allergy Transcriptome, Research Center for Allergy and Immunology, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Japan.
Immunol Res. 2006;34(2):97-115. doi: 10.1385/IR:34:2:97.
Mast cells play a pivotal role in immediate hypersensitivity and chronic allergic reactions that can contribute to asthma, atopic dermatitis, and other allergic diseases. Because mast cell numbers are increased at sites of inflammation in allergic diseases, pharmacologic intervention into the proliferation, migration, and survival (or apoptosis) of mast cells could be a promising strategy for the management of allergic diseases. Mast cells differentiate from multipotent hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow. Stem cell factor (SCF) is a major chemotactic factor for mast cells and their progenitors. SCF also elicits cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion, facilitates the proliferation, and sustains the survival, differentiation, and maturation, of mast cells. Therefore, many aspects of mast cell biology can be understood as interactions of mast cells and their precursors with SCF and factors that modulate their responses to SCF and its signaling pathways. Numerous factors known to have such a capacity include cytokines that are secreted from activated T cells and other immune cells including mast cells themselves. Recent studies also demonstrated that monomeric IgE binding to FcepsilonRI can enhance mast-cell survival. In this review we discuss the factors that regulate mast cell development, migration, and survival.
肥大细胞在速发型超敏反应和慢性过敏反应中起关键作用，这些反应可导致哮喘、特应性皮炎和其他过敏性疾病。由于在过敏性疾病的炎症部位肥大细胞数量增加，对肥大细胞的增殖、迁移和存活（或凋亡）进行药物干预可能是治疗过敏性疾病的一种有前景的策略。肥大细胞由骨髓中的多能造血祖细胞分化而来。干细胞因子（SCF）是肥大细胞及其祖细胞的主要趋化因子。SCF还能引发细胞间和细胞与基质的黏附，促进肥大细胞的增殖，并维持其存活、分化和成熟。因此，肥大细胞生物学的许多方面可理解为肥大细胞及其前体与SCF以及调节它们对SCF及其信号通路反应的因子之间的相互作用。已知具有这种能力的众多因子包括活化T细胞和包括肥大细胞本身在内的其他免疫细胞分泌的细胞因子。最近的研究还表明，单体IgE与FcepsilonRI结合可增强肥大细胞的存活。在这篇综述中，我们讨论调节肥大细胞发育、迁移和存活的因子。
