Johnson L Clark, Richards Todd L, Archbold Kristen H, Landis Carol A
Department of Psychosocial and Community Health Nursing at the University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, 98195, USA.
Biol Res Nurs. 2006 Jul;8(1):43-54. doi: 10.1177/1099800406289341.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a powerful noninvasive neuroimaging technique nurse scientists can use to investigate the structure and cognitive capacities of the brain. A strong magnetic field and intermittent high-frequency pulses cause protons in body tissues to release energy, which can be recorded and processed into images that are sensitive to specific tissue characteristics. Although temporal and spatial resolution constraints define an upper limit to the precision of magnetic resonance (MR) scanners, the primary index of neuronal activity, hemodynamic response, can be efficiently estimated. Characteristics of the experimental environment, the hypothesis of interest, and the physiology of the cognitive process under investigation provide guidance for the design and limit available options. The processing of functional data to remove unwanted variability is briefly described as are the techniques used to estimate statistical effects and control for the rate of false positives in the results. A detailed applied example of nursing research is included to demonstrate the practical application of the theory, methods, and techniques being discussed. A glossary of key terms is also provided.
功能磁共振成像（fMRI）是一种强大的非侵入性神经成像技术，护士科学家可以用它来研究大脑的结构和认知能力。强磁场和间歇性高频脉冲会使身体组织中的质子释放能量，这些能量可以被记录并处理成对特定组织特征敏感的图像。尽管时间和空间分辨率的限制为磁共振（MR）扫描仪的精度设定了上限，但神经元活动的主要指标——血液动力学反应仍可被有效估计。实验环境的特征、感兴趣的假设以及所研究认知过程的生理学为设计提供指导并限制了可用选项。简要描述了处理功能数据以消除不必要变异性的方法，以及用于估计统计效应和控制结果中假阳性率的技术。文中还包含了一个护理研究的详细应用示例，以展示所讨论的理论、方法和技术的实际应用。此外，还提供了关键术语的词汇表。
