Fahmy Fahmy S, Hemington-Gorse Sarah Jane
Department of Plastic Surgery, Countess of Chester Hospital, Cheshire CH2 18L, United Kingdom.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Jun;117(7):2145-51. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000218281.21465.66.
Reduction mammaplasty is one of the most common procedures in plastic surgery. It presents both artistic and technical challenges. Breast reduction surgery aims to reduce the vertical and horizontal planes, shape the parenchyma, reposition the nipple-areola complex, and resect redundant skin. The surgery on paired organs has the added challenge of symmetry. Much of the outcome of our work as plastic surgeons is determined by preoperative planning and designing.
A number of techniques have been described for the preoperative marking of breast reduction, with particular reference to the precision of the angle between the two vertical limbs. Few, if any, of the previous techniques have gained total popularity or acceptance by plastic surgeons.
The freehand marking technique is probably the most widely used technique. Devices such as templates, shaped wires, and goniometers, and geometric techniques, have also been recommended. Some of these devices have stood the test of time; others have been modified or abandoned.
The authors propose a new preoperative marking technique dependent on the natural breast fall. The patient is marked in three positions: sitting, oblique, and supine. This technique has been adopted for the past 10 years.
乳房缩小术是整形手术中最常见的手术之一。它既带来艺术挑战，也带来技术挑战。乳房缩小手术旨在减小垂直和水平尺寸，塑造乳腺组织，重新定位乳头乳晕复合体，并切除多余皮肤。对成对器官进行手术还存在对称性这一额外挑战。作为整形外科医生，我们工作的许多成果取决于术前规划和设计。
已经描述了多种用于乳房缩小术前标记的技术，尤其涉及两条垂直肢体之间角度的精确性。以前的技术中，几乎没有（如果有的话）得到整形外科医生的广泛欢迎或认可。
徒手标记技术可能是使用最广泛的技术。也有人推荐使用模板、塑形线、测角仪等器械以及几何技术。其中一些器械经受住了时间的考验；其他的则被修改或摒弃。
作者提出一种基于自然乳房下垂的新术前标记技术。患者在三个体位进行标记：坐姿、斜躺和仰卧。这项技术在过去10年中一直被采用。
