Simmons Sandra F, Schnelle John F
UCLA Borun Center for Gerontological Research, 7150 Tampa Avenue, Reseda, CA 91335, USA.
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2006 Jun;54(6):919-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00812.x.
To describe the staff time requirements to provide feeding assistance to nursing home residents who require three different types of assistance to improve oral food and fluid intake (social stimulation, verbal cuing, or both; physical guidance; or full physical assistance) and to determine whether physically dependent residents require more staff time, as defined in the national Resource Utilization Group System (RUGS) used for reimbursement.
Descriptive.
Six skilled nursing homes.
Ninety-one long-stay residents with low oral intake who responded to improved feeding assistance.
Research staff conducted direct observations of usual nursing home care for 2 consecutive days (total of six meals) to measure oral food and fluid consumption (total percentage eaten) and staff time spent providing assistance (minutes and seconds). Research staff then implemented a standardized graduated-assistance protocol on 2 separate days (total of six meals) that enhanced residents' oral food and fluid intake.
Staff time to provide feeding assistance that improved food and fluid consumption was comparable across different levels of eating dependency. Across all levels, residents required an average of 35 to 40 minutes of staff time per meal; thus, residents who needed only supervision and verbal cuing required just as much time as those who were physically dependent on staff for eating.
The current RUGS system used for reimbursement likely underestimates the staff time required to provide feeding assistance care that improves oral intake.
描述为养老院居民提供喂食协助所需的工作人员时间，这些居民需要三种不同类型的协助来改善口服食物和液体摄入量（社交刺激、言语提示或两者兼有；身体指导；或完全身体协助），并根据用于报销的国家资源利用组系统（RUGS）确定身体依赖的居民是否需要更多工作人员时间。
描述性研究。
六家专业养老院。
91名长期住院且口服摄入量低但对改善喂食协助有反应的居民。
研究人员连续两天对养老院的日常护理进行直接观察（共六餐），以测量口服食物和液体的摄入量（进食总量百分比）以及提供协助所花费的工作人员时间（分钟和秒）。研究人员随后在另外两天（共六餐）实施了标准化的分级协助方案，以提高居民的口服食物和液体摄入量。
在不同进食依赖程度下，提供能改善食物和液体摄入量的喂食协助所需的工作人员时间相当。在所有级别中，居民每餐平均需要35至40分钟的工作人员时间；因此，仅需要监督和言语提示的居民所需时间与那些在进食方面身体依赖工作人员的居民相同。
目前用于报销的RUGS系统可能低估了提供能改善口服摄入量的喂食协助护理所需的工作人员时间。
