[62例新生儿味觉发育评估]

Zhang Lan, Li Hai-qi

Department of Primary Child Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences. Chongqing 400014, China.

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2006 May;44(5):350-5.

OBJECTIVE

To study the differential facial responses to four basic tastes of the newborns and the gender-related different taste sensitivity.

METHODS

Sixty-two newborns (31 females and 31 males) born in the Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of the Chongqing University of Medical Sciences were tested for responses to four solutions, including 25% sucrose (sweet), 5% sodium chloride (salt), 1.43% citric acid (sour), and 0.025% berberine (bitter) 90 minutes after birth. The inclusion criteria were: (1) medically uncomplicated full-term pregnancy; (2) medically uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery; (3) Apgar score of at least 8 at 1 and 5 min. All the infants were found to be normal and healthy on pediatric examination. The facial responses of the newborns were recorded by video. The facial responses were divided into nine facial action units and expressions from A1 to C3, which are also expressed as the 1 - 9 grades of intensity, crying was included as grade 9 and nausea was defined as grade 10 intensity. The distinctions of the facial responses were analyzed by chi-square test. The distinctions of sex in the facial responses were analyzed by the Wilcoxon test.

RESULTS

All the newborns were full term, excluding the medical conditions. The average birth weight of the newborns was 3324.3 g. The data from the study indicated that absence of distinctive mouth action or sucking was the major facial response of the infants to sucrose solution (P < 0.01). There were no special expressions when the newborns were given the salt solution (P > 0.01). The lip pursing with negative brow and middle face actions were major response of the infants to the sour solution (citric acid) (P < 0.01). The expressions in response to the bitter solution of the infants were the mouth gaping with negative brow and middle face actions (P < 0.01). The facial responses to the sweet and bitter solutions in the boys were more sensitive than those in the girls (P < 0.01). There was no sex difference in the intensities of the facial responses to the salt and sour solutions (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The newborns had distinct responses to the four solutions shortly after birth. The facial expression to sweet and bitter solutions in the boys were more sensitive than in the girls.

目的

研究新生儿对四种基本味觉的面部差异反应以及与性别相关的不同味觉敏感性。

方法

对重庆医科大学附属第一医院产科出生的62名新生儿（31名女性和31名男性）在出生后90分钟测试其对四种溶液的反应，这四种溶液分别为25%蔗糖（甜味）、5%氯化钠（咸味）、1.43%柠檬酸（酸味）和0.025%黄连素（苦味）。纳入标准为：（1）医学上无并发症的足月妊娠；（2）医学上无并发症的自然阴道分娩；（3）1分钟和5分钟时阿氏评分至少为8分。所有婴儿经儿科检查均正常健康。通过视频记录新生儿的面部反应。面部反应分为九个面部动作单元和从A1到C3的表情，也表示为强度的1 - 9级，哭闹记为9级，恶心定义为10级强度。面部反应的差异通过卡方检验分析。面部反应中性别差异通过威尔科克森检验分析。

结果

所有新生儿均为足月产，排除医学状况。新生儿平均出生体重为3324.3克。研究数据表明，无明显的嘴巴动作或吸吮是婴儿对蔗糖溶液的主要面部反应（P < 0.01）。给新生儿喂盐溶液时无特殊表情（P > 0.01）。嘴唇紧闭伴眉毛和中面部负面动作是婴儿对酸溶液（柠檬酸）的主要反应（P < 0.01）。婴儿对苦溶液的表情是嘴巴张开伴眉毛和中面部负面动作（P < 0.01）。男孩对甜味和苦味溶液的面部反应比女孩更敏感（P < 0.01）。面部对盐溶液和酸溶液反应的强度无性别差异（P > 0.05）。