Ecoffey C
Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre.
Cah Anesthesiol. 1991;39(2):115-9.
The administration of narcotics in the subarachnoid or the epidural space is gaining acceptance for postoperative pain relief. However, the potential side effects of intrathecal and epidural use of opioids are the following: early and late respiratory depression, pruritus, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention. Early respiratory depression is low and may occur 6 or 12 hours after the epidural narcotics injection. Many factors contribute to the delayed phase of breathing disorders and a close respiratory monitoring is needed during at least 24 hours after epidural morphine injection. Naloxone can be used to reverse the depression. Pruritus can occur in 10 to 30% of patients receiving morphine; 10 to 30% nausea and vomiting, and urinary retention occurs in 20 to 50% of patients.
在蛛网膜下腔或硬膜外腔给予麻醉药用于术后镇痛正逐渐被接受。然而，鞘内和硬膜外使用阿片类药物的潜在副作用如下：早期和晚期呼吸抑制、瘙痒、恶心和呕吐、尿潴留。早期呼吸抑制发生率较低，可能在硬膜外注射麻醉药后6或12小时出现。许多因素导致呼吸障碍的延迟阶段，在硬膜外注射吗啡后至少24小时内需密切进行呼吸监测。纳洛酮可用于逆转呼吸抑制。接受吗啡治疗的患者中，10%至30%会出现瘙痒；10%至30%会出现恶心和呕吐，20%至50%的患者会出现尿潴留。
