Albertsen Karen, Borg Vilhelm, Oldenburg Brian
National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Prev Med. 2006 Oct;43(4):291-305. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.05.001. Epub 2006 Jun 19.
Smoking is an important issue for the majority of the world's working population. It is important to explore in which ways the workplace might contribute to changes in smoking status and smoking behavior. The present article provides a systematic review and quality assessment of studies that have addressed the impact of factors in the work environment on smoking behavior.
An evaluation of the methodological quality of 22 prospective studies was based on 14 explicit criteria, which included features of study design, statistical analysis, sampling issues and measurement. The level of scientific evidence was evaluated for each study.
There was strong evidence for an effect of the work environment on the amount smoked, but insufficient or mixed evidence regarding cessation and relapse. Summarizing the results, high job demands were associated with higher amount smoked and with increased likelihood of cessation. Resources at work and social support were positively associated with cessation and negatively associated with relapse and the amount smoked.
The results supported the overall hypothesis that the work environment influences aspects of smoking behavior. Recommendations are made for more intervention studies where changes in work environment are carried out in combination with health promotion interventions.
吸烟是全球大多数劳动人口面临的一个重要问题。探究工作场所可能以何种方式促使吸烟状况和吸烟行为发生改变，这一点很重要。本文对探讨工作环境因素对吸烟行为影响的研究进行了系统综述和质量评估。
基于14条明确标准对22项前瞻性研究的方法学质量进行评估，这些标准包括研究设计、统计分析、抽样问题和测量等方面的特征。对每项研究的科学证据水平进行了评估。
有充分证据表明工作环境对吸烟量有影响，但关于戒烟和复吸的证据不足或相互矛盾。综合研究结果，高工作要求与吸烟量增加以及戒烟可能性增大相关。工作资源和社会支持与戒烟呈正相关，与复吸及吸烟量呈负相关。
研究结果支持工作环境会影响吸烟行为各方面这一总体假设。建议开展更多干预研究，将工作环境的改变与健康促进干预措施相结合。
