Shih Shun-I, Wang Ya-Fen, Chang Juu-En, Jang Jiun-Shiang, Kuo Fan-Leng, Wang Lin-Chi, Chang-Chien Guo-Ping
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University of Technology, Yung-Kang, Tainan County 710, Taiwan.
J Hazard Mater. 2006 Oct 11;137(3):1817-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.05.022. Epub 2006 May 16.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the surrounding environment (outdoor) and workplace air of two municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs, T and M) were characterized and compared. T and M represented two typical municipal solid waste incinerators in the north of Taiwan, which have different processes for controlling the PCDD/F emissions. The results of this study are summarized as follows. (1) The total PCDD/F and the total PCDD/F WHO-TEQ concentrations in the workplace air were 5-13 and 5-15 times higher than those in the outdoor air, respectively. Obviously, it is worthwhile to explore more on health risk assessment for exposure of PCDD/Fs emitted from MSWIs, particularly in the workplace air. (2) Mean total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentrations in the outdoor air ranged between 0.0216 and 0.155 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3) and averaged 0.0783 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3) (0.0828 pg WHO-TEQ/Nm(3)) during two seasons for two MSWIs, which were 6.5-fold higher than that of a remote site (0.0119 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3) or 0.0132 pg WHO-TEQ/Nm(3)) in Taiwan. However, the above outdoor air concentration levels in the MSWIs were still much lower than the air quality limitation of PCDD/Fs (0.6 pg I-TEQ/Nm(3)) in Japan []. (3) PCDFs were the primary toxicity distributors for PCDD/Fs in the outdoor air, since the ratios of PCDDs/PCDFs (I-TEQ) at all sampling sites ranged from 0.180 to 0.492 and were less than unity. (4) The OCDD, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF were the four dominant species in both workplace and outdoor air near MSWIs. (5) By spraying water on and wetting both the fly and bottom ashes, the mean total PCDD/F I-TEQ concentration in the workplace air was reduced 86.9% in the T MSWI. The above results indicate an appropriate improving action did inhibit the fugitive emission of PCDD/Fs and reduce the health risk of workers during work handling ashes in MSWIs.
对两座城市固体废弃物焚烧炉（MSWIs，T和M）周边环境（室外）及工作场所空气中的多氯代二苯并 - 对 - 二噁英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）进行了特征分析和比较。T和M代表台湾北部两座典型的城市固体废弃物焚烧炉，它们控制PCDD/F排放的工艺不同。本研究结果总结如下：（1）工作场所空气中PCDD/F总量和PCDD/F WHO - TEQ总量分别比室外空气高5至13倍和5至15倍。显然，有必要进一步深入探讨MSWIs排放的PCDD/Fs暴露的健康风险评估，尤其是在工作场所空气中。（2）两座MSWIs在两个季节期间，室外空气中PCDD/F I - TEQ平均总量在0.0216至0.155 pg I - TEQ/Nm³之间，平均为0.0783 pg I - TEQ/Nm³（0.0828 pg WHO - TEQ/Nm³），比台湾一个偏远地区（0.0119 pg I - TEQ/Nm³或0.0132 pg WHO - TEQ/Nm³）高6.5倍。然而，MSWIs上述室外空气浓度水平仍远低于日本PCDD/Fs的空气质量限值（0.6 pg I - TEQ/Nm³）[ ]。（3）PCDFs是室外空气中PCDD/Fs的主要毒性分布成分，因为所有采样点的PCDDs/PCDFs（I - TEQ）比值在0.180至0.492之间，小于1。（4）OCDD、OCDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8 - HpCDD和1,2,3,4,6,7,8 - HpCDF是MSWIs附近工作场所和室外空气中的四种主要成分种类。（5）通过对飞灰和底灰喷水使其湿润，T MSWI工作场所空气中PCDD/F I - TEQ平均总量降低了86.9%。上述结果表明，适当的改进措施确实抑制了PCDD/Fs的无组织排放，并降低了MSWIs中工人在处理灰烬工作期间的健康风险。
