Functional dissection of the paired segmentation gene in Drosophila embryos.

An ectopic expression assay in Drosophila embryos was used to investigate the roles of pair-rule segmentation genes in the spatial regulation of the segment-polarity gene, engrailed (en). It is hypothesized that the regions of overlap in expression of two genes, paired (prd) and even-skipped (eve), define the odd-numbered en expression stripes. Consistent with this combinatorial model, ectopic expression of prd caused these en stripes to be expanded posteriorly. Surprisingly, however, ectopic expression of a prd gene with a deletion of the conserved paired box resulted in loss of these odd-numbered en stripes. This dominant negative effect is a phenocopy of en expression in prd embryos and suggests that the paired box is necessary for normal prd- function. A similar deletion of odd-numbered en stripes was also observed after ectopic expression of a chimeric fushi tarazu (ftz) gene containing a substituted prd gene homeo box; in addition, in these embryos, the even-numbered en stripes were expanded anteriorly, as observed when the unaltered ftz gene is ectopically expressed. These effects suggest that the chimeric protein may have DNA or protein targets of both the normal Ftz and Prd proteins.