The Pennsylvania State University.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1974 Spring;7(1):1-9. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1974.7-1.
Tokens, exchangeable for a variety of back-up reinforcers, were delivered for several days to all persons boarding a clearly marked campus bus. This procedure increased ridership to 150% of baseline. The experiment was carried out to demonstrate the applicability of operant techniques to urban transportation problems. In this study, a token reinforcement procedure was introduced in an attempt to increase bus ridership while holding the costs of reinforcers to a minimum and circumventing the problems of individual satiety and preferences and of delivering cumbersome reinforcers. A methodology for establishing a token-exchange procedure in an "open-field" behavior setting, where the subject population size, geographic location, preferences, age, sex, preferred hours of mobility, etc. are unspecified, is also presented.
代币可兑换各种后备强化物，数天内向所有乘坐标有明显标志的校园巴士的人发放代币。这一程序使乘车率增加到基线的 150%。该实验旨在证明操作性技术在城市交通问题中的适用性。在这项研究中，引入了代币强化程序，试图在将强化物成本降至最低并避免个体饱腹感和偏好问题以及提供繁琐强化物的情况下，增加巴士的客流量。还提出了一种在“开放场”行为环境中建立代币兑换程序的方法，在这种环境中，受试者的人口规模、地理位置、偏好、年龄、性别、首选移动时间等都是不确定的。
