University of Kansas.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1977 Fall;10(3):449-64. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1977.10-449.
A daily report-card system, involving home privileges administered by parents, was developed for use with "problem" junior-high students. In Experiment I, when home privileges and parent praise were contingent on improved school conduct, classwork, daily grades, and teacher satisfaction, the school performance of three students improved considerably. In Experiment II, a similar report-card system was employed with two additional students, except only parent praise was contingent on improved school performance. Under these conditions, one of the students did not bring the report card home, and class performance did not improve until contingent home privileges were added. The school performance of the second student improved with the card and praise alone. However, there appeared to be a slow decline of classwork performance over time. For Experiment III, an instructional manual, describing the report-card program, was written for school guidance counsellors. Two guidance counsellors read the program, used it with one student each, and found that the school performance of both students improved. These results suggest that the daily report-card program with home consequences administered by parents can improve the school performance of, and teacher satisfaction about, students having considerable difficulty in school.
每日报告卡制度,涉及由家长管理的家庭特权,是为“问题”初中生开发的。在实验一中,当家庭特权和家长表扬取决于学生在校行为、作业、日常成绩和教师满意度的提高时,三名学生的学习成绩有了显著提高。在实验二中,采用了类似的报告卡制度,但又增加了两名学生,只是家长的表扬取决于学生学习成绩的提高。在这种情况下,其中一名学生没有将报告卡带回家,只有在家庭特权作为奖励时,课堂表现才有所提高。第二名学生仅通过卡片和表扬就提高了学习成绩。然而,随着时间的推移,课堂作业表现似乎有所下降。对于实验三,为学校辅导员编写了一份描述报告卡计划的教学手册。两位辅导员阅读了该程序,各自与一名学生一起使用,发现两名学生的学习成绩都有所提高。这些结果表明,由家长管理的带有家庭后果的每日报告卡制度可以提高有较大学习困难的学生的学习成绩和教师满意度。