Vicente-Rodríguez German
Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain.
Sports Med. 2006;36(7):561-9. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636070-00002.
It is increasingly accepted that osteoporosis is a paediatric issue. The prepubertal human skeleton is quite sensitive to the mechanical stimulation elicited by physical activity. To achieve the benefits for bone deriving from physical activity, it is not necessary to perform high volumes of exercise, since a notable osteogenic effect may be achieved with just 3 hours of participation in sports. Physical activity or participation in sport should start at prepubertal ages and should be maintained through the pubertal development to obtain the maximal peak bone mass potentially achievable. Starting physical activity prior to the pubertal growth spurt stimulates both bone and skeletal muscle hypertrophy to a greater degree than observed with normal growth in non-physically active children. High strain-eliciting sport like gymnastics, or participation in sports or weight-bearing physical activities like football or handball, are strongly recommended to increase the peak bone mass. Moreover, the increase in lean mass is the most important predictor for bone mineral mass accrual during prepubertal growth throughout the population. Since skeletal muscle is the primary component of lean mass, participation in sport could have not only a direct osteogenic effect, but also an indirect effect by increasing muscle mass and hence the tensions generated on bones during prepubertal years.
越来越多的人认为骨质疏松是一个儿科问题。青春期前儿童的骨骼对体育活动所引发的机械刺激相当敏感。为了获得体育活动对骨骼的益处，并不需要进行大量运动，因为仅参与3小时的体育运动就能产生显著的成骨效果。体育活动或运动参与应在青春期前开始，并应持续到青春期发育阶段，以获得可能达到的最大峰值骨量。在青春期生长突增之前开始体育活动，比不进行体育活动的儿童正常生长时，对骨骼和骨骼肌肥大的刺激程度更大。强烈建议进行如体操等高应变运动，或参与如足球或手球等运动或负重体育活动，以增加峰值骨量。此外，瘦体重的增加是整个人群青春期前生长期间骨矿物质积累的最重要预测因素。由于骨骼肌是瘦体重的主要组成部分，参与运动不仅可能具有直接的成骨作用，还可能通过增加肌肉量，从而增加青春期前几年骨骼上产生的张力而产生间接作用。
