Ara I, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Perez-Gomez J, Jimenez-Ramirez J, Serrano-Sanchez J A, Dorado C, Calbet J A L
Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Jul;30(7):1062-71. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803303.
To analyse the effect of extracurricular physical activities on fat mass accumulation and physical fitness during growth in early pubertal males.
Longitudinal study.
A total of 42 male children (9.4+/-1.4 years, Tanner I-II and 12.7+/-1.5 years, Tanner III-IV, before and after the 3.3 years follow-up, respectively), randomly sampled from the population of Gran Canaria (Spain), 26 of them physically active (PA, at least 3 h per week during 3 years) and 16 non-physically active (non-PA).
Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), anthropometrics (body circumferences and skinfolds) and physical fitness variables (dynamic and isometric force, anaerobic capacity and maximal aerobic power) were determined in all subjects.
Both groups had comparable body sizes at the start and the end of the study. Body mass index increased with growth more in the PA than in the non-PA group (P<0.05). However, fat mass accumulation with growth was lower in the PA than in the non-PA (P<0.05). There was a positive relationship between the increment of total and trunkal fat mass, especially in non-active children (r2=0.93). In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between the total lean mass growth and the accumulation of total and regional fat mass (r=-0.37 to -0.41, all P<0.05). Physical fitness was maintained in the PA, while it worsened in the non-PA children.
Without any dietary intervention, children who regularly participate in at least 3 h per week of sports activities are more protected against total and regional fat mass accumulation. They also increase their total lean and bone mass to a greater extent than children who do not participate in extracurricular sport activities. In addition, PA children maintain their physical fitness during growth, while it deteriorates in the non-PA children.
分析课外体育活动对青春期早期男性生长过程中脂肪量积累和身体素质的影响。
纵向研究。
总共42名男性儿童（分别在3.3年随访前后，9.4±1.4岁，坦纳I-II期；12.7±1.5岁，坦纳III-IV期），从大加那利岛（西班牙）人群中随机抽取，其中26名身体活跃（PA组，3年内每周至少活动3小时），16名不活跃（非PA组）。
对所有研究对象测定身体成分（双能X线吸收法）、人体测量指标（身体周长和皮褶厚度）以及身体素质变量（动态和等长肌力、无氧能力和最大有氧功率）。
两组在研究开始和结束时身体大小相当。体重指数随生长增加，PA组比非PA组增加更多（P<0.05）。然而，PA组随生长的脂肪量积累低于非PA组（P<0.05）。总脂肪量和躯干脂肪量的增加之间存在正相关，尤其是在不活跃儿童中（r2=0.93）。相反，总瘦体重增长与总脂肪量和局部脂肪量的积累之间存在负相关（r=-0.37至-0.41，均P<0.05）。PA组的身体素质得以维持，而非PA组儿童的身体素质则变差。
在没有任何饮食干预的情况下，每周定期参加至少3小时体育活动的儿童更能防止全身和局部脂肪量的积累。与不参加课外体育活动的儿童相比，他们还能在更大程度上增加总瘦体重和骨量。此外，PA组儿童在生长过程中保持身体素质，而非PA组儿童的身体素质则下降。
