比率制约对由电击呈现（反应产生的电击）维持的反应的影响。
Effects of ratio contingencies on responding maintained by schedules of electric-shock presentation (response-produced shock).
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1981 Sep;36(2):191-205. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1981.36-191.
Squirrel monkeys' lever pressing was established under fixed-interval schedules of electric-shock presentation (response-produced shock). After appropriate temporal patterns of lever pressing were engendered, either fixed-ratio schedules of shock presentation were added to the fixed interval, or yoked variable-ratio schedules were substituted for the fixed-interval schedules. When fixed-ratio schedules were added, there was an initial rise in response rate and schedule-appropriate patterns of responding developed. After many sessions, however, responding ceased abruptly, in some cases with remarkable quickness. When variable-ratio schedules were substituted, responded declined gradually and eventually was poorly maintained. Ratio contingencies may not support responding as well as interval contingencies when electric shock is the maintaining event.
松鼠猴的按压杠杆行为是在电击呈现（反应产生的电击）的固定间隔时间表下建立的。在产生了适当的按压杠杆时间模式后，要么在固定间隔时间表中增加固定比例的电击呈现时间表，要么用固定间隔时间表替换为连接可变比例时间表。当添加固定比例时间表时，反应率最初会上升，并形成与时间表相适应的反应模式。然而，在许多次试验后，反应会突然停止，在某些情况下反应速度非常快。当替换为可变比例时间表时，反应会逐渐下降，最终维持得很差。当电击是维持事件时，比例约束可能不如间隔约束那样支持反应。
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