通过自动语音识别评估唇腭裂儿童的言语清晰度
Evaluation of speech intelligibility for children with cleft lip and palate by means of automatic speech recognition.
作者信息
Schuster Maria, Maier Andreas, Haderlein Tino, Nkenke Emeka, Wohlleben Ulrike, Rosanowski Frank, Eysholdt Ulrich, Nöth Elmar
机构信息
Universitaetsklinikum der Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Phoniatrie und Paedaudiologie, Bohlenplatz 21, 91054 Erlangen, Franken, Germany.
出版信息
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2006 Oct;70(10):1741-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.05.016. Epub 2006 Jun 30.
OBJECTIVE
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) may cause functional limitations even after adequate surgical and non-surgical treatment, speech disorders being one of them. Interindividually, they vary a lot, showing typical articulation specifics such as nasal emission and shift of articulation and therefore a diminished intelligibility. Until now, an objective means to determine and quantify the intelligibility does not exist.
METHOD
An automatic speech recognition system, a new method, was applied on recordings of a standard test to evaluate articulation disorders (psycholinguistic analysis of speech disorders of children PLAKSS) of 31 children at the age of 10.1+/-3.8 years. Two had an isolated cleft lip, 20 a unilateral cleft lip and palate, 4 a bilateral cleft lip and palate, and 5 an isolated cleft palate. The speech recognition system was trained with adults and children without speech disorders and adapted to the speech of children with CLP. In this study, the automatic speech evaluation focussed on the word accuracy which represents the percentage of correctly recognized words. Results were confronted to a perceptive evaluation of intelligibility that was performed by a panel of three experts.
RESULTS
The automatic speech recognition yielded word accuracies between 1.2 and 75.8% (mean 48.0+/-19.6%). The word accuracy was lowest for children with isolated cleft palate (36.9+/-23.3) and highest for children with isolated cleft lip (72.8+/-2.9). For children with unilateral cleft lip and palate it was 48.0+/-18.6 and for children with bilateral cleft lip and palate 49.3+/-9.4. The automatic evaluation complied with the experts' subjective evaluation of intelligibility (p<0.01). The multi-rater kappa of the experts alone differed only slightly from the multi-rater kappa of experts and recognizer.
CONCLUSION
Automatic speech recognition may serve as a good means to objectify and quantify global speech outcome of children with cleft lip and palate.
目的
唇腭裂（CLP）即使在经过充分的手术和非手术治疗后仍可能导致功能受限，言语障碍就是其中之一。个体之间差异很大，表现出典型的发音特征，如鼻腔漏气和发音位置偏移，因此可懂度降低。到目前为止，还不存在一种客观的方法来确定和量化可懂度。
方法
一种自动语音识别系统，一种新方法，应用于一项标准测试的录音，以评估31名年龄为10.1±3.8岁儿童的发音障碍（儿童言语障碍的心理语言学分析PLAKSS）。其中2例为单纯唇裂，20例为单侧唇腭裂，4例为双侧唇腭裂，5例为单纯腭裂。该语音识别系统用无言语障碍的成人和儿童进行训练，并适用于唇腭裂儿童的语音。在本研究中，自动语音评估侧重于单词准确率，即正确识别单词的百分比。结果与由三位专家组成的小组对可懂度的感知评估进行对比。
结果
自动语音识别产生的单词准确率在1.2%至75.8%之间（平均48.0±19.6%）。单纯腭裂儿童的单词准确率最低（36.9±23.3），单纯唇裂儿童的单词准确率最高（72.8±2.9）。单侧唇腭裂儿童为48.0±18.6，双侧唇腭裂儿童为49.3±9.4。自动评估与专家对可懂度的主观评估相符（p<0.01）。仅专家的多评分者kappa与专家和识别器的多评分者kappa仅略有差异。
结论
自动语音识别可作为客观化和量化唇腭裂儿童整体语音结果的良好方法。
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