Brasileiro Bernardo Ferreira, Passeri Luis Augusto
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Piracicaba Dental School, Campinas State University, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006 Jul;102(1):28-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.07.023. Epub 2006 Mar 22.
The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in the Piracicaba region of Brazil during a 5-year period and to delineate comparisons with worldwide facial fracture patterns.
A descriptive statistical analysis was developed based on data collected using a specifically designed clinical survey of all patients who attended the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Piracicaba Dental School from 1999 to 2004. Information regarding age, gender, etiology, and type of maxillofacial injury and its associated lesions were evaluated. In addition, treatment modalities and complication rates during patient follow-up were assessed.
A total of 1024 patients presenting 1399 maxillofacial fractures were analyzed. Patients' ages ranged from 0 to 88 years (mean age, 28 +/- 16.4 years). The ratio of men to women was 4:1. Most fractures were caused by traffic accidents (45%), followed by assaults (22.6%), falls (17.9%), sports accidents (7.8%), and work accidents (4.5%). The prevalent anatomic regions of facial fractures (in percentages) were the mandible (44.2%), the zygomatic complex (32.5%), and the nasal bones (16.2%). Associated systemic lesions were found in 41.9% of patients, with prevalence for injuries to the upper (24.1%) and lower limbs (15.4%). Patient management was considered to be conservative in 490 patients (47.9%), and surgical therapy was performed in 493 patients (48.1%), of whom 399 (80.9%) were treated with open reduction and rigid internal fixation. Complications occurred in 76 patients (7.4%), mainly due to infection and malocclusion.
The findings of this study indicated that epidemiological research of maxillofacial fractures allows the presentation patterns of the most affected individuals and the nature of their lesions to be outlined according to the region evaluated. Furthermore, treatment evaluation and complication rate analysis permits a more realistic interpretation of how patients should be managed.
本研究旨在评估巴西皮拉西卡巴地区5年间颌面部骨折的特征，并与全球面部骨折模式进行比较。
基于对1999年至2004年在皮拉西卡巴牙科学院口腔颌面外科就诊的所有患者进行的专门设计的临床调查收集的数据，开展描述性统计分析。评估了有关年龄、性别、病因、颌面部损伤类型及其相关病变的信息。此外，还评估了患者随访期间的治疗方式和并发症发生率。
共分析了1024例患者的1399处颌面部骨折。患者年龄从0岁至88岁不等（平均年龄28±16.4岁）。男女比例为4:1。大多数骨折由交通事故引起（45%），其次是袭击（22.6%）、跌倒（17.9%）、体育事故（7.8%）和工作事故（4.5%）。面部骨折的主要解剖部位（百分比）为下颌骨（44.2%）、颧骨复合体（32.5%）和鼻骨（16.2%）。41.9%的患者发现有相关的全身损伤，上肢损伤（24.1%）和下肢损伤（15.4%）最为常见。490例患者（47.9%）的治疗被认为是保守的，493例患者（48.1%）接受了手术治疗，其中399例（80.9%）采用切开复位坚强内固定治疗。76例患者（7.4%）出现并发症，主要原因是感染和咬合不正。
本研究结果表明，颌面部骨折的流行病学研究能够根据所评估的区域勾勒出受影响最严重个体的表现模式及其损伤性质。此外，治疗评估和并发症发生率分析有助于更实际地解读患者的管理方式。
