Omran Suha, Al-Hassan Musa
Adult Health Nursing Department, School of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Int J Nurs Pract. 2006 Aug;12(4):198-204. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2006.00572.x.
Heart disease is the number one killer in the USA. In Jordan, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, and about 34.5% of women die of cardiovascular disease as compared with 44.25% of men. The differences between men and women in heart disease, such as signs and symptoms presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, are becoming more apparent in the literature. There is a dearth of research regarding gender differences among Jordanian myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the differences between Jordanian men and women in signs and symptoms presentation of MI and follow-up care. A convenience sample of 83 patients (26 women and 57 men) who were diagnosed with MI, mentally competent and haemodynamically stable were used to explore the research questions. An interview guide and chart audit were used to elicit information about initial and associated signs and symptoms and treatment plan of MI patients. Chest pain was the most common initial symptom in both men and women. The four most common associated signs and symptoms reported by both men and women were general weakness, sweating, nausea and fatigue. However, women experienced more general weakness and sweating compared with men. Women were less likely to receive intravenous nitroglycerin, heparin and thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of MI. Chest pain was the initial symptom of MI reported by men and women. Although similarities exist in the associated sings and symptoms, women might experience different associated signs and symptoms from men. Despite these similarities, women are still less likely than men to receive the therapeutic regimen used for men.
心脏病是美国的头号杀手。在约旦，心血管疾病是主要死因，约34.5%的女性死于心血管疾病，而男性的这一比例为44.25%。心脏病在男性和女性之间的差异，如体征和症状表现、诊断和治疗干预，在文献中越来越明显。关于约旦心肌梗死（MI）患者性别差异的研究很少。因此，本研究的目的是探讨约旦男性和女性在MI体征和症状表现以及后续护理方面的差异。采用便利抽样法，选取83例被诊断为MI、精神状态良好且血流动力学稳定的患者（26例女性和57例男性）来探讨研究问题。使用访谈指南和病历审核来获取有关MI患者初始及相关体征和症状以及治疗方案的信息。胸痛是男性和女性最常见的初始症状。男性和女性报告的四个最常见的相关体征和症状是全身无力、出汗、恶心和疲劳。然而，与男性相比，女性全身无力和出汗的情况更多。女性接受静脉注射硝酸甘油、肝素和溶栓治疗以治疗MI的可能性较小。胸痛是男性和女性报告的MI初始症状。尽管相关体征和症状存在相似之处，但女性可能会出现与男性不同的相关体征和症状。尽管有这些相似之处，但女性接受男性所用治疗方案的可能性仍然低于男性。
