Literathy P
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, 13109 Safat, Kuwait.
Water Sci Technol. 2006;53(10):121-9. doi: 10.2166/wst.2006.305.
An extensive river basin monitoring exercise of 2581 km of the river Danube was carried out in 2001 under of the aegis of the transnational Joint Danube Survey (JDS). Water, suspended and bottom sediment, and biota samples were collected from 76 cross-sections in the Danube main stream and 22 major tributaries during the 39-day cruise, and analysed for chemical and biological variables. During the JDS, oil pollution was characterised with GC-FID and fluorescence measurements. Fluorescence fingerprints of the cyclohexane extracts of water, suspended and bottom sediment samples allowed characterization and quantification of the type and level of oil pollution. The results revealed that the oil pollution in the water varied in the range 1-300 microg/l. Gasoline type contamination was found at the higher concentration levels and diesel oil type in the lower concentrations. Oil contamination was similar in the suspended and bottom sediment (the less than 63 microm grain-size fraction) and varied between 2-140 mg/kg. A higher contamination level was found along the middle Danube reach. The highest concentrations were observed in the suspended sediment upstream of the Danube delta. Weathered crude oil characteristics were observed in the upper Danube basin, whereas between crude and diesel oil characteristics were dominant along most of the middle and the lower Danube reaches.
2001年，在跨国多瑙河联合调查（JDS）的支持下，对多瑙河2581公里流域进行了广泛监测。在为期39天的巡航期间，从多瑙河干流的76个断面和22条主要支流采集了水、悬浮沉积物、底部沉积物和生物样本，并对化学和生物变量进行了分析。在JDS期间，利用气相色谱-火焰离子化检测法（GC-FID）和荧光测量对石油污染进行了表征。水、悬浮沉积物和底部沉积物样本的环己烷提取物的荧光指纹图谱可对石油污染的类型和程度进行表征和定量。结果显示，水中的石油污染浓度在1至300微克/升之间变化。在较高浓度水平发现了汽油类污染，较低浓度水平发现了柴油类污染。悬浮沉积物和底部沉积物（粒径小于63微米的部分）中的石油污染情况相似，在2至140毫克/千克之间变化。多瑙河中游污染水平较高。在多瑙河三角洲上游的悬浮沉积物中观测到最高浓度。在上游多瑙河流域观测到风化原油特征，而在多瑙河中下游大部分区域，原油和柴油特征占主导。
