Dulloo A G
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Clin Nutr. 1997 Mar;16 Suppl 1:25-35. doi: 10.1016/s0261-5614(97)80046-5.
Studies of experimental starvation that were carried out in healthy volunteers during the first half of this century often provide an invaluable source of 'untapped' data. The motivation and desire to gain a better insight into the regulation of body composition by re-analysing these data in the light of more 'modern' concepts of energy partitioning and thermogenesis become irresistible when similar studies can no longer be performed in humans, if only for ethical reasons. This paper brings together new findings, largely centered upon recent re-analysis of data from the classical studies of experimental starvation, semi-starvation and refeeding, and proposes a theory of regulation of body composition during weight recovery in which the cardinal features rest upon three auto-regulatory control systems. These control systems--operating via energy partitioning and two distinct forms of adaptive thermogenesis--have been integrated into a compartmental model for the autoregulation of body composition during cycles of underfeeding/refeeding. This model can be used to explain the individual pattern of lean and fat tissue deposition during weight recovery in situations ranging from rehabilitation after malnutrition/cachexia to the relapse of obesity. It also provides a framework of 'system physiology' for integrating the advances in molecular biology into this area of nutritional energetics.
本世纪上半叶在健康志愿者身上开展的实验性饥饿研究常常提供了一个宝贵的“未开发”数据来源。鉴于如今出于伦理原因已无法再在人体上进行类似研究，那么依据更“现代”的能量分配和产热概念重新分析这些数据，从而更深入了解身体成分调节的动机和愿望就变得难以抗拒。本文汇总了新的研究发现，主要集中于近期对实验性饥饿、半饥饿及再喂养经典研究数据的重新分析，并提出了体重恢复期间身体成分调节理论，该理论的主要特点基于三个自动调节控制系统。这些控制系统通过能量分配和两种不同形式的适应性产热发挥作用，已被整合到一个用于在进食不足/再进食周期中自动调节身体成分的隔室模型中。该模型可用于解释从营养不良/恶病质康复到肥胖复发等各种情况下体重恢复期间瘦组织和脂肪组织沉积的个体模式。它还为将分子生物学进展整合到营养能量学这一领域提供了一个“系统生理学”框架。
