Roberts A P, Oris J T, Stubblefield W A
Center for Environmental Toxicology and Statistics, Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2006 Nov;52(11):1527-32. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.05.016. Epub 2006 May 26.
The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) resulted in the release of 258,000 barrels of crude oil into the waters of Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. The current study, conducted in 2004, sought to use juvenile Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) caged in situ to determine whether biomarker induction differed at sites where the adjacent shoreline contained buried residues from the 1989 oil spill compared to sites that were never oiled. Juvenile Coho salmon were caged at five sites; three oiled during the 1989 EVOS and two that were not oiled. Tissue samples were collected from organisms caged at each site as well as a control group housed onboard the research vessel. Analysis of CYP1A, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPO) gene expression was conducted using real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR). Statistically significant levels of CYP1A expression were observed at some sites indicating increased hydrocarbon exposure. No patterns were observed regarding sites that were originally oiled or not oiled by the 1989 EVOS, indicating that sources of PAHs other than EVOS oil occur in PWS.
1989年埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号油轮漏油事件（EVOS）导致25.8万桶原油泄漏到阿拉斯加威廉王子湾（PWS）的水域。2004年进行的这项研究试图利用就地圈养的银大麻哈鱼幼鱼（Oncorhynchus kisutch）来确定，与从未被油污污染的地点相比，在相邻海岸线含有1989年漏油事件掩埋残留物的地点，生物标志物的诱导是否存在差异。银大麻哈鱼幼鱼被圈养在五个地点；三个地点在1989年埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号油轮漏油事件中被油污污染，另外两个地点未被油污污染。从每个圈养地点的生物以及研究船上的一个对照组采集组织样本。使用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（rtRT-PCR）对细胞色素P450 1A（CYP1A）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPO）基因表达进行分析。在一些地点观察到CYP1A表达水平具有统计学意义的升高，表明碳氢化合物暴露增加。未观察到与1989年埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号油轮漏油事件最初是否油污污染相关的模式，这表明威廉王子湾中除了埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号油轮漏油事件中的多环芳烃来源外，还存在其他多环芳烃来源。
