Tierney Keith B, Taylor Amber L, Ross Peter S, Kennedy Christopher J
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
Aquat Toxicol. 2006 Aug 23;79(2):149-57. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.06.003. Epub 2006 Jul 18.
To determine whether the carbamate fungicide IPBC alters the olfactory-mediated behavioral and physiologic alarm responses of coho salmon parr (Oncorhynchus kisutch), groups of coho were exposed to skin extract (an alarm pheromone source) under a variety of conditions. In the 3min following skin extract exposure, freezing behavior was significantly increased (In the 3 min following skin extract exposure, freezing behavior was significantly increased under darkness (IR lighting) but not ambient lighting (25.3+/-2.6% and 7.5+/-5.7%, respectively; Delta calculated as: [(time (s) after/time (s) before)-1]x100%), and so IR was used for further experiments. Physiologically, following skin extract exposure, plasma cortisol concentration was increased at 0.5h (58.1+/-14.6ng/ml versus 4.32+/-1.31ng/ml, exposed versus control), hematocrit (Hct) was increased at 2h (50.4+/-1.0% versus 41.7+/-1.6%), and leucocrit (Lct) was decreased at 0.5 and 2h (0.534+/-0.114 and 0.13+/-0.01% versus 1.23+/-0.20%). After 0.5h exposures to 0, 1, 10 and 100microg/l IPBC and skin extract, the time spent dashing (>5cm/s) increased significantly (323+/-118%) in the first minute after skin extract exposure, but was absent in IPBC-exposed coho. Freezing behavior increased after skin extract exposure with control and 1microg/l IPBC exposures (11.0+/-3.0% and 17.7+/-11.0%, respectively), but was absent after 10microg/l and decreased after 100microg/l IPBC. Physiologically, Hct and plasma lactate concentration were significantly increased above controls after 1microg/l IPBC exposure (Hct: 45.7+/-1.6% versus 34.0+/-1.6%, lactate: 12.8+/-1.2mM versus 3.30+/-1.2mM). After 10microg/l exposure, IPBC alone elicited a stress response similar to skin extract. However in the 100microg/l treatment group the stress parameters were not different from controls. These findings suggest that the behavioral and physiologic alarm responses of juvenile salmonids may be impaired by acute exposure to > or =1microg/l IPBC.
为了确定氨基甲酸酯类杀菌剂异噻菌胺（IPBC）是否会改变银大麻哈鱼幼鱼（Oncorhynchus kisutch）由嗅觉介导的行为和生理警报反应，将多组银大麻哈鱼在各种条件下暴露于皮肤提取物（一种警报信息素来源）中。在暴露于皮肤提取物后的3分钟内，静止行为显著增加（在暴露于皮肤提取物后的3分钟内，在黑暗（红外照明）条件下静止行为显著增加，而在环境光照下则不然（分别为25.3±2.6%和7.5±5.7%；变化量计算为：[（暴露后时间（秒）/暴露前时间（秒））-1]×100%），因此红外照明用于进一步实验。生理上，暴露于皮肤提取物后，0.5小时时血浆皮质醇浓度升高（暴露组为58.1±14.6纳克/毫升，对照组为4.32±1.31纳克/毫升），2小时时血细胞比容（Hct）升高（50.4±1.0%对41.7±1.6%），0.5小时和2小时时白细胞比容（Lct）降低（0.534±0.114%和0.13±0.01%对1.23±0.20%）。在暴露于0、1、10和100微克/升IPBC及皮肤提取物0.5小时后，在暴露于皮肤提取物后的第一分钟内，快速游动（>5厘米/秒）所花费的时间显著增加（323±118%），但在暴露于IPBC的银大麻哈鱼中未出现。暴露于皮肤提取物后，对照组和1微克/升IPBC暴露组的静止行为增加（分别为11.0±3.0%和17.7±11.0%），但在10微克/升IPBC暴露后未出现，在100微克/升IPBC暴露后减少。生理上，暴露于1微克/升IPBC后，Hct和血浆乳酸浓度显著高于对照组（Hct：45.7±1.6%对34.0±1.6%，乳酸：12.8±1.2毫摩尔/升对3.30±1.2毫摩尔/升）。暴露于10微克/升后，单独的IPBC引发了类似于皮肤提取物的应激反应。然而，在100微克/升处理组中，应激参数与对照组无差异。这些发现表明，急性暴露于≥1微克/升的IPBC可能会损害幼年鲑科鱼类的行为和生理警报反应。
