Gerstorf Denis, Herlitz Agneta, Smith Jacqui
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2006 Jul;61(4):P245-9. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.4.p245.
We examined whether patterns of sex differences on tasks of perceptual speed, episodic memory, verbal fluency, and verbal knowledge are maintained during advanced old age. Using incomplete 13-year longitudinal data from participants in the Berlin Aging Study screened for dementia (N = 368; M = 83 years; range 70-100 years at baseline assessment), we estimated sex-specific age trajectories of cognitive change and explored the contributing role of education and attrition. We found that women and men declined virtually in parallel, with no evidence of differential change. After we controlled for age cohort-related differences in education, women outperformed men on tasks in the four cognitive domains. Findings also provide initial evidence that sex differences might be masked by differential patterns of sample attrition.
我们研究了在感知速度、情景记忆、言语流畅性和言语知识任务上的性别差异模式在高龄阶段是否依然存在。利用来自柏林老龄研究中经痴呆筛查的参与者的不完整的13年纵向数据（N = 368；M = 83岁；基线评估时年龄范围为70 - 100岁），我们估计了认知变化的性别特异性年龄轨迹，并探讨了教育和样本损耗的作用。我们发现，男性和女性的认知衰退几乎是平行的，没有差异变化的确切证据。在我们控制了与年龄队列相关的教育差异后，女性在四个认知领域的任务上表现优于男性。研究结果还初步证明，样本损耗的差异模式可能掩盖了性别差异。
