Singer Tania, Verhaeghen Paul, Ghisletta Paolo, Lindenberger Ulman, Baltes Paul B
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
Psychol Aging. 2003 Jun;18(2):318-31. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.318.
The authors report full-information longitudinal age gradients in 4 intellectual abilities on the basis of 6-year longitudinal changes in 132 individuals (mean age at T1 = 78.27, age range = 70-100) from the Berlin Aging Study. Relative to the cross-sectional parent sample (N = 516, mean age at T1 = 84.92 years), this sample was positively selected because of differential mortality and experimental attrition. Perceptual speed, memory, and fluency declined with age. In contrast, knowledge remained stable up to age 90, with evidence for decline thereafter. Age gradients were more negative in old old (n = 66, mean age at T1 = 83.04) than in old (n = 66, mean age at T1 = 73.77) participants. Rates of decline did not differ reliably between men and women or between participants with high versus low life-history status. They conclude that intellectual development after age 70 varies by distance to death, age, and intellectual ability domain.
作者基于来自柏林老龄研究的132名个体（T1时平均年龄 = 78.27岁，年龄范围 = 70 - 100岁）的6年纵向变化，报告了4种智力能力的全信息纵向年龄梯度。相对于横断面的母样本（N = 516，T1时平均年龄 = 84.92岁），由于差异死亡率和实验损耗，该样本是经过正向选择的。知觉速度、记忆力和流畅性随年龄下降。相比之下，知识在90岁之前保持稳定，此后有下降的迹象。高龄老人（n = 66，T1时平均年龄 = 83.04岁）的年龄梯度比老年人（n = 66，T1时平均年龄 = 73.77岁）的更负。男性和女性之间或具有高与低生活史状态的参与者之间，下降速率没有可靠差异。他们得出结论，70岁以后的智力发展因距死亡的距离、年龄和智力能力领域而异。
