Houde Magali, Bujas Trevor A D, Small Jeff, Wells Randall S, Fair Patricia A, Bossart Gregory D, Solomon Keith R, Muir Derek C G
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2006 Jul 1;40(13):4138-44. doi: 10.1021/es060233b.
The environmental distribution and the biomagnification of a suite of perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and C8 to C14 perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs), was investigated in the food web of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Surficial seawater and sediment samples, as well as zooplankton, fish, and bottlenose dolphin tissue samples, were collected at two U.S. locations: Sarasota Bay, FL and Charleston Harbor, SC. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents were also collected from the Charleston area (n = 4). A solid-phase extraction was used for seawater and effluent samples and an ion-pairing method was used for sediment and biotic samples. PFCs were detected in seawater (range <1-12 ng/L), sediment (range <0.01-0.4 ng/g wet weight (ww)), and zooplankton (range 0.06-0.3 ng/g ww). The highest PFC concentrations were detected in WWTP effluents, whole fish, and dolphin plasma and tissue samples in which PFOS, C8 and C10-PFCAs predominated in most matrices. Contamination profiles varied with location suggesting different sources of PFC emissions. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) ranged from <1 to 156 at Sarasota Bay and <1 to 30 at Charleston. Trophic magnification factors (TMFs) for PFOS and C8-C11 PFCAs indicated biomagnification in this marine food web. The results indicate that using plasma and liver PFC concentrations as surrogate to whole body burden in a top marine predator overestimates the BMFs and TMFs.
在宽吻海豚（Tursiops truncatus）的食物网中，研究了包括全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和C8至C14全氟羧酸盐（PFCA）在内的一系列全氟烷基化合物（PFC）的环境分布和生物放大作用。在美国的两个地点采集了表层海水和沉积物样本，以及浮游动物、鱼类和宽吻海豚的组织样本：佛罗里达州的萨拉索塔湾和南卡罗来纳州的查尔斯顿港。还从查尔斯顿地区采集了污水处理厂（WWTP）的废水样本（n = 4）。海水和废水样本采用固相萃取法，沉积物和生物样本采用离子配对法。在海水中检测到PFC（范围<1-至12 ng/L）、沉积物（范围<0.01-0.4 ng/g湿重（ww））和浮游动物（范围0.06-0.3 ng/g ww）。在污水处理厂废水、整条鱼以及海豚血浆和组织样本中检测到的PFC浓度最高，其中PFOS、C8和C10-PFCA在大多数基质中占主导地位。污染特征因地点而异，表明PFC排放源不同。萨拉索塔湾的生物放大因子（BMF）范围为<1至156，查尔斯顿为<1至-30。PFOS和C8-C11 PFCA的营养放大因子（TMF）表明该海洋食物网中存在生物放大现象。结果表明，在顶级海洋捕食者中，使用血浆和肝脏中的PFC浓度作为全身负荷的替代指标会高估BMF和TMF。
