Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Empa, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Oct 15;45(20):8665-73. doi: 10.1021/es201353v. Epub 2011 Sep 9.
The biomagnification behavior of perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs) was studied in terrestrial food webs consisting of lichen and plants, caribou, and wolves from two remote northern areas in Canada. Six PFCAs with eight to thirteen carbons and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were regularly detected in all species. Lowest concentrations were found for vegetation (0.02-0.26 ng/g wet weight (ww) sum (Σ) PFCAs and 0.002-0.038 ng/g ww PFOS). Wolf liver showed highest concentrations (10-18 ng/g ww ΣPFCAs and 1.4-1.7 ng/g ww PFOS) followed by caribou liver (6-10 ng/g ww ΣPFCAs and 0.7-2.2 ng/g ww PFOS). Biomagnification factors were highly tissue and substance specific. Therefore, individual whole body concentrations were calculated and used for biomagnification and trophic magnification assessment. Trophic magnification factors (TMF) were highest for PFCAs with nine to eleven carbons (TMF = 2.2-2.9) as well as PFOS (TMF = 2.3-2.6) and all but perfluorooctanoate were significantly biomagnified. The relationship of PFCA and PFSA TMFs with the chain length in the terrestrial food chain was similar to previous studies for Arctic marine mammal food web, but the absolute values of TMFs were around two times lower for this study than in the marine environment. This study demonstrates that challenges remain for applying the TMF approach to studies of biomagnification of PFCAs and PFSAs, especially for terrestrial animals.
本研究在加拿大两个偏远的北部地区，选择地衣和植物、驯鹿和狼组成的陆地食物网，研究了全氟羧酸（PFCAs）和全氟磺酸（PFSAs）的生物放大行为。所有物种中均定期检测到六种含 8 至 13 个碳原子的 PFCAs 和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）。在植被中发现的浓度最低（0.02-0.26ng/g 湿重（ww）ΣPFCAs 和 0.002-0.038ng/g ww PFOS）。狼肝中的浓度最高（10-18ng/g ww ΣPFCAs 和 1.4-1.7ng/g ww PFOS），其次是驯鹿肝（6-10ng/g ww ΣPFCAs 和 0.7-2.2ng/g ww PFOS）。生物放大因子具有高度的组织和物质特异性。因此，计算了个体的全身浓度，并将其用于生物放大和营养放大评估。生物放大因子（TMF）最高的是含 9 至 11 个碳原子的 PFCAs（TMF=2.2-2.9）以及 PFOS（TMF=2.3-2.6），除全氟辛酸外，所有物质均显著被生物放大。PFCA 和 PFSA TMF 与陆地食物链中链长的关系与之前对北极海洋哺乳动物食物网的研究相似，但本研究中 TMF 的绝对值比海洋环境低约两倍。本研究表明，应用 TMF 方法研究 PFCAs 和 PFSAs 的生物放大仍然存在挑战，尤其是对于陆地动物。
