Schulz Peter J, Nakamoto Kent, Brinberg David, Haes Joachim
University of Lugano, Via G. Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland.
Patient Educ Couns. 2006 Dec;64(1-3):294-302. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Jul 21.
While recent studies of organ donation have recognized cultural factors, most analyses in developed countries have focused on awareness as the critical constraint. The present paper examines this assumption and assesses the number of potential organ donors as well as their knowledge and attitudes regarding organ donation.
We conducted a telephone survey of 1509 adults using a stratified random sample of the main three language groups (German, French, and Italian) in Switzerland with oversampling of the Italian language group to compensate for its relatively small size. Because our analyses are performed separately on each language group, the oversampling does not distort our findings.
The three language groups display substantial differences with respect to patterns of knowledge, motives, and concerns underlying their willingness to donate organs--differences that persist even in the context of strong national identity, relatively homogeneous cultural background, and the public good nature of organ donation.
The results demonstrate a need to consider and address cultural factors and barriers when designing organ donation campaigns.
Centrally designed organ donation campaigns are not likely to be effective and efficient. Message strategies should rather be tailored to different (micro-) cultural groups.
尽管近期关于器官捐赠的研究已经认识到文化因素的存在，但发达国家的大多数分析都将意识视为关键制约因素。本文检验了这一假设，并评估了潜在器官捐赠者的数量以及他们对器官捐赠的知识和态度。
我们对瑞士主要的三个语言群体（德语、法语和意大利语）采用分层随机抽样的方式，对1509名成年人进行了电话调查，其中对意大利语群体进行了过抽样，以弥补其规模相对较小的问题。由于我们的分析是在每个语言群体上单独进行的，所以过抽样不会扭曲我们的研究结果。
这三个语言群体在器官捐赠意愿背后的知识模式、动机和担忧方面存在显著差异——即使在强烈的国家认同感、相对同质的文化背景以及器官捐赠的公益性质的背景下，这些差异仍然存在。
结果表明，在设计器官捐赠宣传活动时需要考虑并解决文化因素和障碍。
中央设计的器官捐赠宣传活动不太可能有效且高效。信息策略应该针对不同的（微观）文化群体进行定制。
