Thomas P, Schuh A, Summer B, Mazoochian F, Thomsen M
Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337, München.
Orthopade. 2006 Sep;35(9):956, 958-60. doi: 10.1007/s00132-006-0981-3.
Bone cements based on polymethylmethacrylate are typically used for fixation of artificial joints. Intolerance reactions to endoprostheses not explained by infection or mechanical failure may lead to allergological diagnostics, which mostly focuses on metal allergy. However, also bone cement components may provoke hypersensitivity reactions leading to eczema, implant loosening, or fistula formation. Elicitors of such reactions encompass acrylates and additives such as benzoyl peroxide, N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidine, hydroquinone, or antibiotics (particularly gentamicin). Upon repeated contact with bone cement components, e.g., acrylate monomers, also in medical personnel occasionally hand eczema or even asthma may develop. Therefore, in the case of suspected hypersensitivity reactions to arthroplasty, the allergological diagnostics should include bone cement components.
基于聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的骨水泥通常用于人工关节的固定。对假体的不耐受反应若无法用感染或机械故障解释，则可能需要进行变应性诊断，而这大多聚焦于金属过敏。然而，骨水泥成分也可能引发超敏反应，导致湿疹、植入物松动或瘘管形成。此类反应的引发因素包括丙烯酸酯以及添加剂，如过氧化苯甲酰、N,N - 二甲基对甲苯胺、对苯二酚或抗生素（尤其是庆大霉素）。在反复接触骨水泥成分（如丙烯酸酯单体）时，即使是医务人员也可能偶尔出现手部湿疹甚至哮喘。因此，在怀疑对关节成形术有超敏反应的情况下，变应性诊断应包括骨水泥成分。
