Mürbe Dirk, Zahnert Thomas, Kuhlisch Eberhard, Sundberg Johan
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Germany.
J Voice. 2007 Nov;21(6):683-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.06.002. Epub 2006 Jul 28.
Vocal vibrato is regarded as one of the essential characteristics of voice quality in classical singing. Professional singers seem to develop vibrato automatically, without actively striving to acquire it. In this longitudinal investigation, the vocal vibrato of 22 singing students was examined at the beginning of and after 3 years of professional singing education. Subjects sang an ascending-descending triad pattern in slow tempo on vowel [a:] at a comfortable pitch level twice at soft (piano) and twice at medium (mezzoforte) loudness. The top note of the triad pattern was sustained for approximately 5s. The mean and the standard deviation (SD) of the vibrato rate were measured for this note. Results revealed that after 3 years of training, voices with vibrato slower than 5.2 Hz were found to have a faster vibrato, and voices with vibrato faster than 5.8 Hz were found to have a slower vibrato. Standard deviation of vibrato rate was higher in soft than in medium loudness, particularly before the education. Also high values of SD of vibrato rate, exceeding 0.65 Hz, had decreased after the education. These findings confirm that vibrato characteristics can be affected by singing education.
声乐颤音被视为古典演唱中音质的基本特征之一。专业歌手似乎能自动发展出颤音，而无需刻意努力去习得。在这项纵向研究中，对22名声乐学生在专业声乐教育开始时以及3年后的声乐颤音进行了检查。受试者以舒适的音高在元音[a:]上，用慢节奏演唱一个上行 - 下行的三和弦模式，在柔和（弱音）和适中（中强音）音量下各演唱两次。三和弦模式的最高音持续约5秒。测量该音符的颤音速率的平均值和标准差（SD）。结果显示，经过3年的训练，颤音速率低于5.2赫兹的声音变得更快，而颤音速率高于5.8赫兹的声音变得更慢。颤音速率的标准差在柔和音量下比适中音量下更高，尤其是在教育之前。而且，颤音速率标准差超过0.65赫兹的高值在教育后有所下降。这些发现证实了颤音特征会受到声乐教育的影响。
