Mitchell Helen F, Kenny Dianna T
Australian Centre for Applied Research in Music Performance (ACARMP), The Conservatorium of Music, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2004;29(4):171-82. doi: 10.1080/14015430410001033.
Mitchell, Kenny et al. (2003) identified 'open throat' as integral to the production of an even and consistent sound in classical singing. In this study, we compared vibrato rate, extent and onset of six advanced singing students under three conditions: 'optimal' (O), representing maximal open throat; 'sub-optimal' (SO), using reduced open throat; and loud sub-optimal (LSO), using reduced open throat but controlling for the effect of loudness. Fifteen expert judges correctly identified the sound produced when singers used open throat with 85% accuracy. Having verified the technique perceptually, we used a series of univariate repeated measures ANOVAs with planned orthogonal contrasts to test the hypotheses that frequency modulations associated with vibrato rate, extent and onset would vary outside acceptable or desirable parameters for SO and LSO. Hypotheses were confirmed for vibrato extent and onset but not for rate. There were no significant differences between SO and LSO on any of the vibrato parameters. As vibrato is considered a key indicator of good singing, these findings suggest that open throat is important to the production of a good sound in classical singing.
米切尔、肯尼等人（2003年）指出，“打开喉咙”是古典演唱中发出均匀、连贯声音的关键要素。在本研究中，我们比较了六名高级声乐学生在三种情况下的颤音速率、幅度和起始情况：“最佳状态”（O），即最大程度地打开喉咙；“次优状态”（SO），打开喉咙的程度减小；“大声次优状态”（LSO），打开喉咙程度减小但控制了音量的影响。15名专家评委能够以85%的准确率正确识别歌手打开喉咙时发出的声音。在通过感知验证了该技巧后，我们使用了一系列单变量重复测量方差分析以及计划好的正交对比来检验以下假设：与颤音速率、幅度和起始相关的频率调制在次优状态（SO）和大声次优状态（LSO）下会超出可接受或理想的参数范围。颤音幅度和起始的假设得到了证实，但速率的假设未得到证实。在任何颤音参数上，次优状态（SO）和大声次优状态（LSO）之间均无显著差异。由于颤音被认为是优秀演唱的关键指标，这些发现表明打开喉咙对于古典演唱中发出优美声音非常重要。
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