Ogunlewe M O, James O, Ladeinde A L, Adeyemo W L
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2006 Sep;16(5):358-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2006.00757.x.
Maxillofacial fractures in children are rare when compared to those occurring in adults. To establish the incidence, pattern, and aetiology of maxillofacial fractures in children aged 15 years and below in Lagos, Nigeria.
A review of patients with maxillofacial fractures aged 15 years and below seen and treated at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria between January 1997 and December 2004 was conducted.
Of the 225 patients with maxillofacial fractures seen within the study period, 37 (16.4%) were children aged 15 years and below, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5 : 1. The highest incidence recorded was found within the age group 12-15 years (41%), with the lowest incidence occurring in the age group 0-5 years (27%). Multiple fractures were commoner in older patients (P > 0.05), and in boys (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant relationships between the age of the patients, gender distribution, and mechanisms of injury. Road traffic crashes were the most common aetiological factor (64.9%), with the mandible being the most involved facial bone (63.8%). Majority of the mandibular fractures (33.3%) were located in parasymphyseal region. Zygomatic complex fractures were the most common in the mid-facial region. Most of the fractures (81.1%) were immobilized by simple methods (arch bars, eyelet wires, acrylic splint with circum-mandibular wiring) with or without intermaxillary fixation. Of the cases, 18.9% were managed conservatively.
The incidence of facial fractures in this study was found to be higher than previously reported in Nigeria and worldwide, with almost two-thirds of cases a result of road traffic crashes. There is a need to enforce legislation aimed at preventing road traffic crashes to reduce maxillofacial injuries in children.
与成人相比，儿童颌面部骨折较为罕见。旨在确定尼日利亚拉各斯15岁及以下儿童颌面部骨折的发病率、类型及病因。
对1997年1月至2004年12月期间在尼日利亚拉各斯拉各斯大学教学医院就诊并接受治疗的15岁及以下颌面部骨折患者进行回顾性研究。
在研究期间所见的225例颌面部骨折患者中，37例（16.4%）为15岁及以下儿童，男女比例为1.5:1。发病率最高的年龄组为12 - 15岁（41%），发病率最低的年龄组为0 - 5岁（27%）。多发骨折在年龄较大的患者中更为常见（P > 0.05），且在男孩中更为常见（P > 0.05）。患者年龄、性别分布与损伤机制之间无统计学显著关系。道路交通事故是最常见的病因（64.9%），下颌骨是最常受累的面部骨骼（63.8%）。大多数下颌骨骨折（33.3%）位于下颌骨旁正中区域。颧骨复合体骨折是面中部最常见的骨折类型。大多数骨折（81.1%）通过简单方法（牙弓夹板、小孔钢丝、带下颌骨周围钢丝固定的丙烯酸夹板）固定，有或无颌间固定。其中18.9%的病例采用保守治疗。
本研究中面部骨折的发病率高于尼日利亚和全球先前报道的水平，近三分之二的病例是道路交通事故所致。有必要实施旨在预防道路交通事故的立法，以减少儿童颌面部损伤。
