Noblet Andrew, Lamontagne Anthony D
Deakin Business School, Deakin University, Victoria 3144 Australia.
Health Promot Int. 2006 Dec;21(4):346-53. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dal029. Epub 2006 Jul 31.
The enormous human and economic costs associated with occupational stress suggest that initiatives designed to prevent and/or reduce employee stress should be high on the agenda of workplace health promotion (WHP) programmes. Although employee stress is often the target of WHP, reviews of job stress interventions suggest that the common approach to combating job stress is to focus on the individual without due consideration of the direct impacts of working conditions on health as well as the effects of working conditions on employees' ability to adopt and sustain 'healthy' behaviours. The purpose of the first part of this paper is to highlight the criticisms of the individual approach to job stress and to examine the evidence for developing strategies that combine both individual and organizational-directed interventions (referred to as the comprehensive approach). There is a risk that WHP practitioners may lose sight of the role that they can play in developing and implementing the comprehensive approach, particularly in countries where occupational health and safety authorities are placing much more emphasis on identifying and addressing organizational sources of job stress. The aim of the second part of this paper is therefore to provide a detailed description of what the comprehensive approach to stress prevention/reduction looks like in practice and to examine the means by which WHP can help develop initiatives that address both the sources and the symptoms of job stress.
与职业压力相关的巨大人力和经济成本表明，旨在预防和/或减轻员工压力的举措应在工作场所健康促进（WHP）计划的议程中占据重要位置。尽管员工压力常常是WHP的目标，但对工作压力干预措施的综述表明，应对工作压力的常见方法是关注个体，而没有充分考虑工作条件对健康的直接影响以及工作条件对员工采取和维持“健康”行为能力的影响。本文第一部分的目的是强调对个体应对工作压力方法的批评，并审视有关制定结合个体和组织导向干预措施（称为综合方法）策略的证据。存在一种风险，即WHP从业者可能忽视他们在制定和实施综合方法中可以发挥的作用，尤其是在职业健康与安全当局更加重视识别和解决工作压力的组织根源的国家。因此，本文第二部分的目的是详细描述压力预防/减轻综合方法在实践中的样子，并审视WHP可以通过哪些方式帮助制定解决工作压力根源和症状的举措。
