Clark Dawn E, Li Chunyi, Wang Wenying, Martin Shirley K, Suttie James M
AgResearch, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand.
Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2006 Sep;288(9):973-81. doi: 10.1002/ar.a.20364.
The process of angiogenesis is of interest because of the significant clinical benefits associated with controlling vascular growth. Within the antler, chondrogenesis and antler elongation are occurring at the rate of 1-2 cm per day and thus blood vessels are growing at this same rapid pace. We demonstrate that the process of angiogenesis in the antler is controlled at various tissue locations. The findings clearly differentiate the spatial location of the stem cells that drive chondrogenesis from the proliferation process driving the angiogenesis. Vessels within the lateral dermis contained BrdU-positive cells, suggesting that these vessels were elongating. Within the precartilage region, proliferating vessels were detected in bundles of complex structure evenly distributed throughout this tissue layer. The support cells within these bundles of vessels were detected by staining with alpha-smooth muscle actin, while the endothelial cells were negative. Additionally, the alpha-smooth muscle actin staining was found in association with the cartilage cells of the antler. The marked proliferation of the vascular associated cells in the precartilage region identified this area as a major region of vascular growth in the antler. We propose that within the precartilage region, the most likely mechanisms to explain the observed vascular morphology are that of vascular extension of the existing vessels and intussusceptive angiogenesis or sprouting to generate the small bundles of vessels. Wiley-Liss, Inc.
血管生成过程备受关注,因为控制血管生长具有显著的临床益处。在鹿茸内,软骨生成和鹿茸伸长以每天1 - 2厘米的速度进行,因此血管也以同样的快速速度生长。我们证明鹿茸中的血管生成过程在不同组织位置受到控制。这些发现清楚地将驱动软骨生成的干细胞的空间位置与驱动血管生成的增殖过程区分开来。外侧真皮内的血管含有BrdU阳性细胞,表明这些血管在伸长。在软骨前区域,在均匀分布于该组织层的复杂结构束中检测到增殖的血管。通过用α - 平滑肌肌动蛋白染色检测到这些血管束内的支持细胞,而内皮细胞呈阴性。此外,在鹿茸的软骨细胞中也发现了α - 平滑肌肌动蛋白染色。软骨前区域血管相关细胞的显著增殖将该区域确定为鹿茸中血管生长的主要区域。我们提出,在软骨前区域,解释观察到的血管形态的最可能机制是现有血管的血管延伸以及套入式血管生成或出芽以生成小血管束。威利 - 利斯公司