Age-dependent shift in response to food element composition in Collembola: contrasting effects of dietary nitrogen.

We examined the effect of different food qualities, in terms of the C:N:P content, on the collembolan Hypogastrura viatica. We hypothesised that (faster growing) juveniles would have higher demands for P and N than adults; this, however, was rejected by our experiments. There was no difference between the elemental compositions of juveniles and adults. In food preference experiments, juveniles and adults were offered green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata with three different C:N:P ratios. There was a strong shift in dietary response with age; juveniles preferred algae with low or medium N contents over the most N-rich algae, whereas adults showed the opposite. No response was seen when the specific P content in the food was varied. Juveniles fed on algae with high N content showed lower growth rates and survival than those fed on algae with other food qualities. In contrast, adults had lowest growth rates when fed on algae with a low N content. The negative effect on juveniles of the most N-rich diet appeared to be a toxic response that was directly or indirectly related to the algal N content. Adults had higher tolerance for N-rich diets, but were also more likely to face dietary N-limitation. These animals face a stoichiometric trade-off scenario in the sense that adaptation to maximise retention of a limiting element may result in reduced physiological ability to cope with excessive elements when feeding on "richer" diets, and vice versa. This problem is partly solved in H. viatica by contrasting selective feeding and ontogenetic dietary shifts between juveniles and adults.