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对自由意志和责任的神经科学挑战。

Neuroscientific challenges to free will and responsibility.

作者信息

Roskies Adina

机构信息

Department of Philosophy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.

出版信息

Trends Cogn Sci. 2006 Sep;10(9):419-23. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2006.07.011. Epub 2006 Aug 8.

Abstract

Recent developments in neuroscience raise the worry that understanding how brains cause behavior will undermine our views about free will and, consequently, about moral responsibility. The potential ethical consequences of such a result are sweeping. I provide three reasons to think that these worries seemingly inspired by neuroscience are misplaced. First, problems for common-sense notions of freedom exist independently of neuroscientific advances. Second, neuroscience is not in a position to undermine our intuitive notions. Third, recent empirical studies suggest that even if people do misconstrue neuroscientific results as relevant to our notion of freedom, our judgments of moral responsibility will remain largely unaffected. These considerations suggest that neuroethical concerns about challenges to our conception of freedom are misguided.

摘要

神经科学的最新进展引发了一种担忧,即了解大脑如何引发行为会破坏我们对自由意志的看法,进而破坏我们对道德责任的看法。这一结果潜在的伦理影响是广泛的。我给出三个理由来表明,这些看似受神经科学启发而产生的担忧是错误的。第一,关于自由的常识概念所面临的问题独立于神经科学的进展而存在。第二,神经科学无法削弱我们的直观概念。第三,最近的实证研究表明,即使人们确实将神经科学结果误解为与我们的自由概念相关,我们对道德责任的判断在很大程度上仍将不受影响。这些考虑表明,关于对我们自由概念的挑战的神经伦理学担忧是被误导的。

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