Butler Robert J, Davis Irene S, Hamill Joseph
Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 2006 Dec;34(12):1998-2005. doi: 10.1177/0363546506290401. Epub 2006 Aug 10.
Running shoes are designed to accommodate various arch types to reduce the risk of lower extremity injuries sustained during running. Yet little is known about the biomechanical changes of running in the recommended footwear that may allow for a reduction in injuries.
To evaluate the effects of motion control and cushion trainer shoes on running mechanics in low- and high-arched runners.
Controlled laboratory study.
Twenty high-arched and 20 low-arched recreational runners (>10 miles per week) were recruited for the study. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetics were collected as subjects ran at 3.5 ms(-1) +/- 5% along a 25-m runway. The motion control shoe evaluated was the New Balance 1122, and the cushioning shoe evaluated was the New Balance 1022. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to determine if low- and high-arched runners responded differently to motion control and cushion trainer shoes.
A significant interaction was observed in the instantaneous loading rate such that the low-arched runners had a lower instantaneous loading rate in the motion control condition, and the high-arched runners had a lower instantaneous loading rate in the cushion trainer condition. Significant main effects for shoe were observed for peak positive tibial acceleration, peak-to-peak tibial acceleration, mean loading rate, peak eversion, and eversion excursion.
These results suggest that motion control shoes control rearfoot motion better than do cushion trainer shoes. In addition, cushion trainer shoes attenuate shock better than motion control shoes do. However, with the exception of instantaneous loading rate, these benefits do not differ between arch type.
Running footwear recommendations should be based on an individual's running mechanics. If a mechanical analysis is not available, footwear recommendations can be based empirically on the individual's arch type.
跑鞋旨在适应各种足弓类型，以降低跑步过程中下肢受伤的风险。然而，对于穿着推荐的鞋类跑步时可能减少受伤的生物力学变化，人们知之甚少。
评估运动控制型和缓震训练鞋对低足弓和高足弓跑步者跑步力学的影响。
对照实验室研究。
招募了20名高足弓和20名低足弓的休闲跑步者（每周跑步超过10英里）参与研究。当受试者沿着25米的跑道以3.5米/秒（±5%）的速度跑步时，收集三维运动学和动力学数据。评估的运动控制鞋是新百伦1122，评估的缓震鞋是新百伦1022。采用重复测量方差分析来确定低足弓和高足弓跑步者对运动控制鞋和缓震训练鞋的反应是否不同。
在瞬时负荷率方面观察到显著的交互作用，即低足弓跑步者在运动控制条件下的瞬时负荷率较低，而高足弓跑步者在缓震训练条件下的瞬时负荷率较低。在胫骨正向加速度峰值、胫骨加速度峰峰值、平均负荷率、峰值外翻和外翻偏移方面观察到鞋类有显著主效应。
这些结果表明，运动控制鞋比缓震训练鞋能更好地控制后足运动。此外，缓震训练鞋比运动控制鞋能更好地减轻冲击。然而，除了瞬时负荷率外，这些益处不因足弓类型而异。
跑步鞋的推荐应基于个人的跑步力学。如果无法进行力学分析，鞋类推荐可根据个人足弓类型凭经验给出。
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