Manrique Gabriel, Vitta Ana C R, Ferreira Raquel A, Zani Carlos L, Unelius C Rikard, Lazzari Claudio R, Diotaiuti Lileia, Lorenzo Marcelo G
Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental Laboratorio de Fisiología de Insectos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
J Chem Ecol. 2006 Sep;32(9):2035-52. doi: 10.1007/s10886-006-9127-7. Epub 2006 Aug 11.
Compounds from the metasternal and Brindley's glands of the blood-sucking bug, Triatoma infestans, were identified by solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds released by adult bugs during copulation or after mechanical disturbance were also characterized. Six compounds were identified and found consistently in all samples from metasternal glands. The most abundant were 3-pentanone, 2-methylbutanol, 3-pentanol, and an unidentified compound. The metasternal gland blends did not differ qualitatively between sexes. Compounds found in Brindley's glands were short chain acids, alcohols, esters, and a ketone with no qualitative differences between sexes. Isobutyric acid was the main component of this blend, and two new confirmed compounds were described as products of these glands: 2-butanone and 2-methylbutyric acid. 3-Pentanone was collected from the headspace over 33% of the copulating pairs of T. infestans. Volatiles found in the headspace of disturbed T. infestans adults included short-chain fatty acids, alcohols, esters, and ketones, with no qualitative differences between sexes. Both types of glands apparently discharge their contents after disturbance. However, most of the volatiles released by bugs after disturbance came from Brindley's glands. The locomotor activity of fourth instars increased significantly after stimulation with the odors emitted by disturbed adults, as compared with larvae stimulated by the odor of undisturbed adults or by clean air. We also studied the directional behavioral response of fifth instars to the disturbance scent in a locomotion compensator. Larvae exposed to volatiles released by disturbed adults walked away from the direction of the odor. The results suggest that this blend or part of it functions as an alarm pheromone for T. infestans. We suggest that the metasternal glands of this species are involved both in the sexual and the alarm contexts, and that the Brindley's glands probably have both alarm and defensive roles.
通过固相微萃取（SPME）和气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术，对吸血蝽（红带锥蝽，Triatoma infestans）后胸腺和布林德利氏腺中的化合物进行了鉴定。还对成年蝽在交配期间或受到机械干扰后释放的挥发性化合物进行了表征。在所有来自后胸腺的样本中一致鉴定出六种化合物。含量最高的是3 - 戊酮、2 - 甲基丁醇、3 - 戊醇以及一种未鉴定的化合物。后胸腺混合物在性别上没有定性差异。在布林德利氏腺中发现的化合物有短链酸、醇、酯和一种酮，在性别上没有定性差异。异丁酸是这种混合物的主要成分，并且描述了两种新确认的该腺体产物：2 - 丁酮和2 - 甲基丁酸。在超过33%的红带锥蝽交配个体对的顶空中收集到了3 - 戊酮。在受到干扰的红带锥蝽成虫顶空中发现的挥发性物质包括短链脂肪酸、醇、酯和酮，在性别上没有定性差异。两种腺体显然在受到干扰后都会排出其内容物。然而，蝽在受到干扰后释放的大多数挥发性物质来自布林德利氏腺。与受到未受干扰成虫气味或清洁空气刺激的幼虫相比，四龄幼虫在受到受干扰成虫释放的气味刺激后，其运动活性显著增加。我们还在运动补偿器中研究了五龄幼虫对干扰气味的定向行为反应。暴露于受干扰成虫释放的挥发性物质中的幼虫会背离气味方向行走。结果表明，这种混合物或其部分成分作为红带锥蝽的报警信息素发挥作用。我们认为该物种的后胸腺参与了性和报警情境，而布林德利氏腺可能具有报警和防御作用。
