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繁殖系统进化的生态限制:栖息地对 Kentish 鸻弃巢行为的影响。

Ecological constraints on breeding system evolution: the influence of habitat on brood desertion in Kentish plover.

作者信息

Kosztolányi András, Székely Tamas, Cuthill Innes C, Yilmaz K Tuluhan, Berberoglu Süha

机构信息

Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2006 Jan;75(1):257-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01049.x.

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2006.01049.x
PMID:16903063
Abstract
  1. One of the fundamental insights of behavioural ecology is that resources influence breeding systems. For instance, when food resources are plenty, one parent is able to care for the young on its own, so that the other parent can desert and became polygamous. We investigated this hypothesis in the context of classical polyandry when females may have several mates within a single breeding season, and parental duties are carried out largely by the male. 2. We studied a precocial wader, the Kentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus, that exhibits variable brood care such that the chicks may be raised by both parents, only by the female or, more often, only by the male. The timing of female desertion varies: some females desert their brood at hatching of the eggs and lay a clutch for a new mate, whereas other females stay with their brood until the chicks fledge. Kentish plovers are excellent organisms with which to study breeding system evolution, as some of their close relatives exhibit classical polyandry (Eurasian dotterel Eudromias morinellus, mountain plover Charadrius montanus), whereas others are polygynous (northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus). 3. Kentish plovers raised their broods in two habitats in our study site in southern Turkey: saltmarsh and lakeshore. Food intake was higher on the lakeshore than in the saltmarsh as judged from feeding behaviour of chicks and adults. As the season proceeded and the saltmarsh dried out, the broods moved toward the lakeshore. 4. As the density of plovers increased on lakeshore, the parents spent more time defending their young, and female parents stayed with their brood longer on the lakeshore. 5. We conclude that the influence of food abundance on breeding systems is more complex than currently anticipated. Abundant food resources appear to have profound implications on spatial distribution of broods, and the social interactions between broods constrain female desertion and polyandry.
摘要
  1. 行为生态学的一个基本观点是,资源会影响繁殖系统。例如,当食物资源充足时,一方亲本就能独自照顾幼崽,这样另一方亲本就可以离开并实行多配偶制。我们在经典一妻多夫制的背景下研究了这一假设,即在单一繁殖季节雌性可能有多个配偶,且育雏职责主要由雄性承担。2. 我们研究了一种早成鸟——环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus),它表现出不同的育雏方式,雏鸟可能由双亲抚养,也可能仅由雌性抚养,或者更常见的是仅由雄性抚养。雌性离开的时间各不相同:一些雌性在卵孵化时就离开巢穴,为新配偶产下另一窝卵,而另一些雌性则会陪伴幼雏直到它们会飞。环颈鸻是研究繁殖系统进化的理想生物,因为它们的一些近亲表现出经典的一妻多夫制(如欧斑鸻Eudromias morinellus、山地鸻Charadrius montanus),而另一些则是一夫多妻制(如北方麦鸡Vanellus vanellus)。3. 在我们位于土耳其南部的研究地点,环颈鸻在两个栖息地育雏:盐沼和湖岸。从雏鸟和成年鸟的觅食行为判断,湖岸的食物摄入量高于盐沼。随着季节的推进,盐沼干涸,雏鸟群体向湖岸移动。4. 随着湖岸鸻鸟密度的增加,亲鸟花费更多时间保护幼雏,雌性亲鸟在湖岸陪伴幼雏的时间也更长。5. 我们得出结论,食物丰度对繁殖系统的影响比目前预期的更为复杂。丰富的食物资源似乎对雏鸟群体的空间分布有深远影响,并且雏鸟群体之间的社会互动限制了雌性离开和一妻多夫制的发生。

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