Talhout Reinskje, Opperhuizen Antoon, van Amsterdam Jan G C
Laboratory for Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2006 Nov;44(11):1789-98. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2006.06.016. Epub 2006 Jul 8.
Sugars are natural tobacco components, and are also frequently added to tobacco during the manufacturing process. This review describes the fate of sugars during tobacco smoking, in particular the effect of tobacco sugars on mainstream smoke composition. In natural tobacco, sugars can be present in levels up to 20 wt%. In addition, various sugars are added in tobacco manufacturing in amounts up to 4 wt% per sugar. The added sugars are usually reported to serve as flavour/casing and humectant. However, sugars also promote tobacco smoking, because they generate acids that neutralize the harsh taste and throat impact of tobacco smoke. Moreover, the sweet taste and the agreeable smell of caramelized sugar flavors are appreciated in particular by starting adolescent smokers. Finally, sugars generate acetaldehyde, which has addictive properties and acts synergistically with nicotine in rodents. Apart from these consumption-enhancing pyrolysis products, many toxic (including carcinogenic) smoke compounds are generated from sugars. In particular, sugars increase the level of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, acrolein, and 2-furfural in tobacco smoke. It is concluded that sugars in tobacco significantly contribute to the adverse health effects of tobacco smoking.
糖类是烟草的天然成分，在烟草制造过程中也经常被添加到烟草中。这篇综述描述了糖类在吸烟过程中的变化，特别是烟草中的糖类对主流烟气成分的影响。在天然烟草中，糖类的含量可达20%（重量）。此外，在烟草制造过程中会添加各种糖类，每种糖类的添加量可达4%（重量）。据报道，添加的糖类通常用作调味剂/包衣剂和保湿剂。然而，糖类也会促进吸烟，因为它们会产生酸，中和烟草烟雾的刺激性味道和对喉咙的刺激。此外，焦糖味糖的甜味和宜人气味尤其受到初涉吸烟的青少年的喜爱。最后，糖类会产生乙醛，乙醛具有成瘾性，在啮齿动物体内与尼古丁协同作用。除了这些促进消费的热解产物外，糖类还会产生许多有毒（包括致癌）的烟雾化合物。特别是，糖类会增加烟草烟雾中甲醛、乙醛、丙酮、丙烯醛和2-糠醛的含量。得出的结论是，烟草中的糖类显著导致了吸烟对健康的不良影响。
