Garcia-Segura Luis M, Melcangi Roberto C
Instituto Cajal, C.S.I.C., Madrid, Spain.
Glia. 2006 Nov 1;54(6):485-98. doi: 10.1002/glia.20404.
Hormonal and locally produced steroids act in the nervous system as neuroendocrine regulators, as trophic factors and as neuromodulators and have a major impact on neural development and function. Glial cells play a prominent role in the local production of steroids and in the mediation of steroid effects on neurons and other glial cells. In this review, we examine the role of glia in the synthesis and metabolism of steroids and the functional implications of glial steroidogenesis. We analyze the mechanisms of steroid signaling on glia, including the role of nuclear receptors and the mechanisms of membrane and cytoplasmic signaling mediated by changes in intracellular calcium levels and activation of signaling kinases. Effects of steroids on functional parameters of glia, such as proliferation, myelin formation, metabolism, cytoskeletal reorganization, and gliosis are also reviewed, as well as the implications of steroid actions on glia for the regulation of synaptic function and connectivity, the regulation of neuroendocrine events, and the response of neural tissue to injury.
激素和局部产生的类固醇在神经系统中作为神经内分泌调节剂、营养因子和神经调质发挥作用，对神经发育和功能有重大影响。胶质细胞在类固醇的局部产生以及类固醇对神经元和其他胶质细胞作用的介导过程中发挥着重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们研究了胶质细胞在类固醇合成和代谢中的作用以及胶质细胞类固醇生成的功能意义。我们分析了类固醇对胶质细胞的信号传导机制，包括核受体的作用以及由细胞内钙水平变化和信号激酶激活介导的膜和细胞质信号传导机制。还综述了类固醇对胶质细胞功能参数的影响，如增殖、髓鞘形成、代谢、细胞骨架重组和胶质细胞增生，以及类固醇对胶质细胞作用对突触功能和连接性调节、神经内分泌事件调节以及神经组织对损伤反应的影响。
