Majchrowicz E
Fed Proc. 1975 Sep;34(10):1948-52.
The main symptoms of ethanol intoxication, tolerance, and physical dependence presumably, derive from the effects of ethanol on the central nervous system. It is not known clearly how and to what extent these effects are caused by ethanol itself or by its metabolic derivatives, chiefly acetaldehyde, formed in the liver, and transported into the brain through the blood stream. Since the concentrations of acetaldehyde found in the blood and brain of human subjects and experimental animals are approximately 44 times lower than the lowest effective concentrations found in in vitro experiments, it remains to be established whether acetaldehyde derived under in vivo conditions from the oxidation of ethanol in the liver plays any significant role in suppressing the respiratory metabolism or other metabolic pathways in the brain. It is concluded that the site of ethanol effects on the central nervous system is probably associated with that part of the metabolic system that is dependent on normal functioning of the neuronal cell membrane and probably has little relation to the peripheral or central metabolism of ethanol.
乙醇中毒、耐受性和身体依赖性的主要症状大概源于乙醇对中枢神经系统的影响。目前尚不清楚这些影响在多大程度上以及如何由乙醇本身或其代谢衍生物（主要是在肝脏中形成并通过血流输送到大脑的乙醛）引起。由于在人类受试者和实验动物的血液和大脑中发现的乙醛浓度比体外实验中发现的最低有效浓度低约44倍，因此仍有待确定在体内条件下由肝脏中乙醇氧化产生的乙醛是否在抑制大脑呼吸代谢或其他代谢途径中起任何重要作用。得出的结论是，乙醇对中枢神经系统的作用部位可能与代谢系统中依赖神经元细胞膜正常功能的部分有关，可能与乙醇的外周或中枢代谢关系不大。
