Kochanek T T, Kabacoff R I, Lipsitt L P
Department of Special Education, Rhode Island College, Providence.
Except Child. 1990 Apr;56(6):528-38. doi: 10.1177/001440299005600604.
This study examined child-centered data (from birth to 7 years) and familial factors as possible predictors of disabilities in adolescence. The sample was taken from original participants in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project in Rhode Island who were also judged as handicapped after school entry. Results of the current study indicated that parental traits (i.e., maternal education) are more accurate predictors of adolescent status than the child's own behavior from birth to 3 years, whereas child-centered skills assessed at 4 and 7 years of age are better predictors than are familial factors. Overall, data suggest that early identification models which focus upon developmental delay or adverse medical events from birth to 3 years of age are inadequate in fully identifying children eventually judged to be handicapped. Screening initiatives must be developed that are multivariate (child and family focused) and account for differential weights of risk factors over time.
本研究考察了以儿童为中心的数据（从出生到7岁）以及家庭因素，将其作为青少年残疾的可能预测因素。样本取自罗德岛州国家围产期协作项目的原始参与者，这些参与者在入学后也被判定为残疾。当前研究结果表明，父母特征（即母亲的教育程度）比孩子从出生到3岁时自身的行为更能准确预测青少年的状况，而在4岁和7岁时评估的以儿童为中心的技能比家庭因素更能准确预测。总体而言，数据表明，专注于从出生到3岁发育迟缓或不良医疗事件的早期识别模型，在全面识别最终被判定为残疾的儿童方面是不够的。必须制定多变量（以儿童和家庭为重点）的筛查举措，并考虑不同时期风险因素的不同权重。
