Altemus Margaret
Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Horm Behav. 2006 Nov;50(4):534-8. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2006.06.031. Epub 2006 Aug 22.
The phenomenon of higher rates of affective disorders in women illustrates many of the difficulties as well as promises of translating preclinical models to human disorders. Abnormalities in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and the sympathoadrenomedullary system have been identified in depression and anxiety disorders, and these disorders are clearly precipitated and exacerbated by stress. Despite the striking sex difference in the prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders, attempts to identify corresponding sex differences in stress response reactivity in animal models have met with limited success. Processes which may contribute to increased rates of affective disorders in women are greater fluxes in reproductive hormones across the life span, and increased sensitivity to catecholamine augmentation of emotional memory consolidation.
女性情感障碍发病率较高的现象说明了将临床前模型转化为人类疾病所面临的许多困难以及希望。在抑郁症和焦虑症中已发现下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴和交感肾上腺髓质系统调节异常，并且这些疾病显然由压力引发和加剧。尽管抑郁症和焦虑症的患病率存在显著的性别差异，但在动物模型中识别应激反应性相应性别差异的尝试取得的成功有限。可能导致女性情感障碍发病率增加的过程包括一生中生殖激素的更大波动，以及对儿茶酚胺增强情绪记忆巩固的敏感性增加。
