Aquino Estela M L
Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2006 Aug;40 Spec no.:121-32. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102006000400017.
The differences in health between men and women have been object of great interest, but interpretations tend to be naturalized and essentialists. Gender-oriented studies have criticized this literature and offered new analythical alternatives. The present study was intended to describe the profile and trends of scientific production on gender and health in Brazil. Data sources comprised the Research Groups Directory of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (National Research Council), CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) Thesis Bank, and four journals available in SciELO--Scientific Eletronic Library Online. Fifty-one groups with at least one line of research in the subject were identified, with regional and institutional concentrations. The results confirmed the marked growth of scientific production in this field as 98 master and 42 doctoral dissertations and 665 articles on gender and health were retrieved. Women authored 86.0% and 89.0% of doctoral and master dissertations respectively, and 70.5% of the articles. Most were published in the 2000s when diversification of the studied topics was also seen. The studied subjects can be divided into five subgroups: reproduction and contraception; gender and violence; sexuality and health with emphasis on STD/AIDS; work and health, including domestic and night work; other emergent or less explored topics. There are major political, epistemological and methodological challenges for strengthening these advancements. The gender perspective offers possibilities for enlightment of theoretical dilemmas in public health. Furthermore, it can be added to other intellectual and political efforts towards understanding health and its determinants and fighting against inequalities and for social justice.
男性与女性在健康方面的差异一直是人们极为感兴趣的对象，但相关解释往往被自然化且带有本质主义色彩。以性别为导向的研究对这类文献提出了批评，并提供了新的分析视角。本研究旨在描述巴西关于性别与健康的科研产出概况及趋势。数据来源包括国家科学技术发展委员会（Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico）的研究小组名录、高等教育人员素质提升协调办公室（Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel，简称CAPES）的论文库，以及科学电子图书馆在线数据库（Scientific Eletronic Library Online，简称SciELO）中的四种期刊。共识别出51个在该主题上至少有一条研究方向的小组，这些小组存在区域和机构集中的情况。研究结果证实了该领域科研产出的显著增长，共检索到98篇硕士学位论文、42篇博士学位论文以及665篇关于性别与健康的文章。女性分别撰写了86.0%的博士学位论文和89.0%的硕士学位论文，以及70.5%的文章。大部分文献发表于21世纪，这一时期研究主题也呈现出多样化。所研究的主题可分为五个子类别：生殖与避孕；性别与暴力；以性传播感染/艾滋病为重点的性与健康；工作与健康，包括家务和夜班工作；其他新兴或较少被探讨的主题。在加强这些进展方面存在重大的政治、认识论和方法论挑战。性别视角为阐明公共卫生领域的理论困境提供了可能。此外，它可以与其他旨在理解健康及其决定因素、消除不平等以及促进社会正义的知识和政治努力相结合。
