Hoehamer Christopher F, Wolfe N Lee, Eriksson Karl Erik L
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Biological Resource Recovery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Int J Phytoremediation. 2006;8(2):95-105. doi: 10.1080/15226510600678423.
The fungus Fusarium oxysporum was isolated and identified from the aquatic plant M. aquaticum. The capability of this fungus to transform 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in liquid cultures was investigated TNT was added to shake flask cultures and transformed into 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-DNT), 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-A-DNT), and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DAT) via 2- and 4-hydroxylamino-dinitrotoluene derivatives, which could be detected as intermediate metabolites. Transformation of TNT, 2-A-DNT, and 4-A-DNT was observed by whole cultures and with isolated mycelium. Cell-free protein extracts from the extracellular, soluble, and membrane-bound fractions were prepared from this fungus and tested for TNT-reducing activity. The concentrated extracellular culture medium was unable to transform TNT; however, low levels of TNT transformation were observed by the membrane fraction in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in an argon atmosphere. A concentrated extract of soluble enzymes also transformed TNT, but to a lesser extent. When TNT toxicity was studied with this fungus, a 50% decrease in the growth of F. oxysporum mycelium was observed when exposed to 20 mg/L TNT.
从水生植物竹叶眼子菜中分离并鉴定出尖孢镰刀菌。研究了该真菌在液体培养物中转化2,4,6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）的能力。将TNT添加到摇瓶培养物中，通过2-和4-羟基氨基二硝基甲苯衍生物将其转化为2-氨基-4,6-二硝基甲苯（2-A-DNT）、4-氨基-2,6-二硝基甲苯（4-A-DNT）和2,4-二氨基-6-硝基甲苯（2,4-DAT），这些可作为中间代谢产物被检测到。通过全培养物和分离的菌丝体观察到TNT、2-A-DNT和4-A-DNT的转化。从该真菌制备细胞外、可溶性和膜结合部分的无细胞蛋白质提取物，并测试其TNT还原活性。浓缩的细胞外培养基无法转化TNT；然而，在氩气气氛中，膜部分在存在烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸的情况下观察到低水平的TNT转化。可溶性酶的浓缩提取物也能转化TNT，但程度较小。当用该真菌研究TNT毒性时，当暴露于20mg/L TNT时，观察到尖孢镰刀菌菌丝体生长减少50%。
