Morgan Jane B, Williams Peter, Foote Keith D, Marriott Lynne D
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
Public Health Nutr. 2006 Sep;9(6):700-6. doi: 10.1079/phn2005890.
To describe feeding patterns and mothers' perceptions of desirable feeding practices in low-birth-weight (LBW) infants after hospital discharge in England and to test for the association of inappropriate practices/perceptions with identifiable demographics.
Postal questionnaires from 198 mothers of LBW infants in London, Liverpool and Winchester were analysed regarding infant demographics, mothers' demographics, infant milks used, solid feeding practices and mothers' perceptions of infant feeding practices.
At birth, the median weight, independent of gestational age, was 1.80 kg (range 0.6-2.50 kg) and 37.1% of infants received breast milk exclusively; 83.7% were breast-fed at some stage, a practice favoured more by first-time mothers (90.2%) than multiparous mothers (73.4%) (P = 0.004) as well as by mothers of higher social groups (P = 0.019). The median age of solid food introduction was 17 postnatal weeks (range 8-36 weeks); the timing correlated strongly with infant birth weight (P < 0.001). A high-fibre diet and a low-fat diet were incorrectly considered important for their infants by 67.1% and 51.6% of mothers, respectively. Regarding a high-fibre diet as important was associated with being a multiparous mother (P = 0.006), while regarding a low-fat diet as important was associated with low social group (P = 0.018). A quarter of mothers did not consider 'plenty of calories' to be important for their infants, reflecting similar attitudes in 1990 for mothers of term infants; this incorrect attitude exhibited an association with being a first-time mother (P = 0.047).
Infant feeding practices were very variable, showing poor concordance with national and international recommendations for term infants. In selecting foods for their infants, many mothers appeared to be applying principles more appropriate to planning a healthy diet for adults. There is an urgent need to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines for feeding LBW infants after hospital discharge, with special attention given to multiparous mothers as well as mothers from lower social groups.
描述英格兰低出生体重（LBW）婴儿出院后喂养模式及母亲对理想喂养方式的看法，并检验不当喂养方式/看法与可识别的人口统计学特征之间的关联。
对来自伦敦、利物浦和温彻斯特的198名低出生体重婴儿母亲的邮政调查问卷进行分析，内容涉及婴儿人口统计学特征、母亲人口统计学特征、所使用的婴儿奶粉、固体食物喂养方式以及母亲对婴儿喂养方式的看法。
出生时，不考虑胎龄，体重中位数为1.80千克（范围0.6 - 2.50千克），37.1%的婴儿纯母乳喂养；83.7%的婴儿在某个阶段接受母乳喂养，初产妇（90.2%）比经产妇（73.4%）更倾向于这种喂养方式（P = 0.004），社会阶层较高的母亲也更倾向于这种方式（P = 0.019）。引入固体食物的中位年龄为出生后17周（范围8 - 36周）；引入时间与婴儿出生体重密切相关（P < 0.001）。分别有67.1%和51.6%的母亲错误地认为高纤维饮食和低脂肪饮食对婴儿很重要。认为高纤维饮食重要与经产妇有关（P = 0.006），而认为低脂肪饮食重要与社会阶层低有关（P = 0.018）。四分之一的母亲不认为“充足的热量”对婴儿很重要，这与1990年足月儿母亲的态度相似；这种错误态度与初产妇有关（P = 0.047）。
婴儿喂养方式差异很大，与针对足月儿的国家和国际建议的一致性较差。在为婴儿选择食物时，许多母亲似乎采用了更适合为成年人规划健康饮食的原则。迫切需要制定和实施基于证据的低出生体重婴儿出院后喂养指南，尤其要关注经产妇以及社会阶层较低的母亲。
