Reversibility of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase reactions.

Using a homogeneous enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscle, it has been demonstrated that the cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP)-dependent protein kinase reaction is reversible. In addition to the phosphorylated protein substrate, the reverse reaction requires Mg2+, ADP, and cyclic AMP when the holoenzyme is used as the source of enzyme. It is independent of cyclic AMP when the catalytic subunit of the protein kinase is used. The optimum pH for the reverse reaction with 32P-labeled casein as the substrate is 5.7, essentially the same as that for the forward reaction. Among the nucleotide subtrates tested, ADP serves as the best phosphoryl group acceptor. The Km of the enzyme for ADP is 3.3 mM and that for 32P-casein is 1.7 mg/ml. The equilibrium constant at 30 degrees is approximately 0.042 at a magnesium concentration of 10 mM and a pH of 6.9. This result indicates that the free energy of hydrolysis (deltaG0obs) of the phosphorylated protein substrate is relatively high, i.e. approximately -6.5 kcal/mol under these conditions.