Muñoz Angélica María, Agudelo Gloria María, Lopera Francisco Javier
Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Grupo de Investigación en Alimentación y Nutrición Humana, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
Biomedica. 2006 Mar;26(1):113-25.
Patients suffering clinical dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease have a high risk of developing malnutrition caused by all the physiological, socio-economic and psychological changes related to the disease, together with the ageing process.
To describe the nutritional condition of a group of patients with Alzheimer's dementia according to the degree of disease severity. Patients were selected from the University of Antioquia Neurosciences Group.
Descriptive cross sectional study. Patients were assessed and information was collected about their body composition, food consumption behaviour, clinical, and psychosocial variables.
77 patients were studied; their mean age was 65, 5 +/- 12.8 years. 48 had a family history of Alzheimer's disease; 39 were diagnosed more than 60 months before the study started; the most frequently found degree of severity was moderate, the most common type of dementia was the early family form. 26 began the disease process before they were 50 years old. Significant differences for Body Mass Index, brachial adipose area and brachial lean area were found (p = 0.001, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively) between patients with the different degrees of disease severity. These parameters measures were lowest in patients with severe disease. The intake of calcium and folate was the lowest amongst the nutrients studied.
The nutritional state is impaired in patients suffering Alzheimer's dementia from the early stages of the disease. The most important nutritional and clinical abnormalities found were depletion of the lean and fat stores, low intake of calcium and folate and clinical signs of the disease. Changes in these parameters worsen as the disease progresses.
患有阿尔茨海默病所致临床痴呆症的患者，由于与该疾病相关的所有生理、社会经济和心理变化，再加上衰老过程，发生营养不良的风险很高。
根据疾病严重程度描述一组阿尔茨海默病痴呆患者的营养状况。患者选自安蒂奥基亚大学神经科学小组。
描述性横断面研究。对患者进行评估，并收集有关其身体成分、食物消费行为、临床和社会心理变量的信息。
研究了77名患者；他们的平均年龄为65.5±12.8岁。48名患者有阿尔茨海默病家族史；39名患者在研究开始前60多个月被诊断出患病；最常发现的严重程度为中度，最常见的痴呆类型为早发性家族型。26名患者在50岁之前开始发病。不同疾病严重程度的患者之间在体重指数、肱部脂肪面积和肱部瘦组织面积方面存在显著差异（分别为p = 0.001、p = 0.000、p = 0.000）。这些参数测量值在重症患者中最低。在所研究的营养素中，钙和叶酸的摄入量最低。
阿尔茨海默病痴呆患者在疾病早期营养状况就会受损。发现的最重要的营养和临床异常情况是瘦组织和脂肪储备减少、钙和叶酸摄入量低以及疾病的临床体征。随着疾病进展，这些参数的变化会恶化。
