Snowdon Eleanor M, Bowyer Michael C, Grbin Paul R, Bowyer Paul K
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1 Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Sep 6;54(18):6465-74. doi: 10.1021/jf0528613.
Although mousy off-flavor occurs infrequently in wine, it can be economically disastrous to the wine producer as, at worst, it can render the wine unpalatable or, at best, decrease the quality of the wine resulting in a lower sale price. Wines infected with either lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (particularly heterofermentative strains) or Dekkera/Brettanomyces yeast can potentially produce mousy off-flavor. There are three known compounds that cause mousy off-flavor: 2-ethyltetrahydropyridine, 2-acetyltetrahydopyridine, and 2-acetylpyrroline. Dekkera/Brettanomyces have been shown to be capable of producing at least two of these compounds, whereas LAB are capable of producing all three. The reason as to why mousy off-flavor forms in some wines and not in others is still not fully understood. The issue is further complicated by the fact that the compounds that have thus far been identified as necessary for off-flavor formation are all potentially available in wine (e.g., ethanol, L-lysine, L-ornithine, and metal ions). For these reasons, the microbe's metabolism probably plays a key role in mousy off-flavor formation. In the case of Dekkera/Brettanomyces-induced mousy off-flavor, it appears that oxygen may play a key role. Thus, a wine infected with Dekkera/Brettanomyces in the absence of oxygen may not become mousy unless exposed to oxygen via a processing or handling procedure.
尽管葡萄酒中很少出现鼠臭异味，但这对葡萄酒生产商来说可能会造成经济灾难，因为在最坏的情况下，它会使葡萄酒变得难以下咽，或者在最好的情况下，会降低葡萄酒的品质，导致售价降低。感染乳酸菌（LAB）（特别是异型发酵菌株）或酒香酵母属/酒香酵母的葡萄酒可能会产生鼠臭异味。已知有三种化合物会导致鼠臭异味：2-乙基四氢吡啶、2-乙酰基四氢吡啶和2-乙酰基吡咯啉。已证明酒香酵母属/酒香酵母能够产生其中至少两种化合物，而乳酸菌能够产生所有三种化合物。为什么有些葡萄酒会形成鼠臭异味而有些不会，其原因仍未完全明了。由于迄今为止已确定为异味形成所必需的化合物在葡萄酒中都可能存在（例如乙醇、L-赖氨酸、L-鸟氨酸和金属离子），这一问题变得更加复杂。出于这些原因，微生物的代谢可能在鼠臭异味的形成中起关键作用。就酒香酵母属/酒香酵母引起的鼠臭异味而言，氧气似乎可能起关键作用。因此，在无氧条件下感染酒香酵母属/酒香酵母的葡萄酒，除非通过加工或处理程序接触到氧气，否则可能不会产生鼠臭异味。
