Brynin Malcolm
ISER, University of Essex.
Br J Sociol. 2006 Sep;57(3):437-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2006.00119.x.
Men have traditionally gained more than women from access to technologies at work which bring prestige, job security, more satisfying work and higher pay. Typically female jobs have centred on technologies, if they have at all, which tend towards routine and possibly deskilled work. Typing is a prime example. It is possible that this is changing through computerization, which is extensive but also equally distributed by gender. Does the wage premium, which use of a computer has been found to confer on users, benefit women sufficiently to suggest some sort of equalization through technology, or possibly even a female advantage? This is tested using data from four European countries. There is no across-the-board benefit from the use of computers. For both men and women it depends on the nature of their occupation. Some, more routine usages of computers are associated with a negative outcome. However, this occupational balance itself varies by gender.
传统上，男性从工作中接触到能带来声望、工作保障、更令人满意的工作和更高薪酬的技术中获得的收益比女性更多。典型的女性工作即便涉及技术，也往往集中在趋于常规且可能无需技能的工作上。打字就是一个主要例子。通过计算机化，这种情况有可能正在发生变化，计算机化虽然广泛，但在性别上的分布也是均等的。使用计算机被发现会给使用者带来工资溢价，这种溢价对女性的益处是否足以表明通过技术实现了某种程度的平等，甚至可能是女性优势呢？这是利用来自四个欧洲国家的数据进行检验的。使用计算机并非能带来全面的益处。对男性和女性来说，这都取决于他们职业的性质。计算机的一些更常规的用途会带来负面结果。然而，这种职业平衡本身因性别而异。
