Pernollet Jean-Claude, Sanz Guenhaël, Briand Loïc
Biochimie de l'Olfaction et de la Gustation, UMR de Neurobiologie de l'Olfaction et de la Prise Alimentaire, Inra, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
C R Biol. 2006 Sep;329(9):679-90. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2006.06.001. Epub 2006 Jul 3.
The first step of olfactory detection involves interactions between odorant molecules and neuronal protein receptors. Odour coding results from the combinatory activation of a set of receptors and rests on their clonal expression and olfactory neurone connexion, which lead to formation of a specific sensory map in the cortex. This system, sufficient to discriminate myriads of odorants with a mere 350 different receptors, allows humans to smell molecules that are not natural (new cooking flavours, synthetic chemicals...). The extreme olfactory genome diversity explains the absence of odour semantics. Olfactory receptors are also involved in cellular chemotaxis.
嗅觉检测的第一步涉及气味分子与神经元蛋白受体之间的相互作用。气味编码源于一组受体的组合激活，并基于它们的克隆表达和嗅觉神经元连接，这会在皮层中形成特定的感觉图谱。这个系统仅用350种不同的受体就能区分无数种气味，使人类能够闻到非天然的分子（新烹饪风味、合成化学物质等）。嗅觉基因组的极端多样性解释了气味语义的缺失。嗅觉受体也参与细胞趋化作用。
